印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及其远程响应:来自青藏高原中南部始新世侵入岩的制约

India-Eurasia Collision Processes and Their Remote Response: Constraints from Eocene Intrusive Rocks in the Central-Southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

摘要

印度-欧亚大陆碰撞是新生代全球最重大的地质事件之一,而关于该期碰撞过程及其远程岩浆响应的认识仍存在较大争议.本文对青藏高原中南部亚多和鸭洼地区始新世侵入岩开展了锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素分析,探讨了其岩石成因,并与区域大量分布的始新世岩浆岩进行综合对比,从岩浆岩角度恢复印度-欧亚大陆碰撞过程及其远程响应.结果表明:南羌塘地体亚多地区闪长玢岩形成于约37 Ma,具埃达克质岩特征,是由岩石圈地幔衍生的玄武质熔体经分离结晶作用形成;拉萨地体鸭洼地区花岗岩类形成于55~54 Ma,属弱过铝质I型花岗岩,起源于地壳物质的部分熔融.以上述数据为基础,结合与青藏高原南部始新世中酸性岩浆岩资料的综合对比,认为:约58 Ma印度-欧亚大陆开始初始碰撞;约52 Ma,印度-欧亚大陆碰撞导致的地壳加厚达到峰值,随后发生板片断离,引发巨量岩浆岩;约45 Ma之后印度大陆岩石圈继续向北俯冲,驱动拉萨地体岩石圈向南羌塘地体之下陆内俯冲.

Abstract

The India-Eurasia collision is one of the most significant Cenozoic geological events on Earth. However, the understanding of the collisional process and its remote magmatic response remains highly controversial. This study presents zircon U-Pb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopic data for Eocene intrusive rocks from the Yaduo and Yawa areas in the Central-Southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and discusses their petrogenesis. We integrate these data with a regional comparison of contemporaneous Eocene magmatic rocks, to constrain the India-Eurasia collision process and its remote response from a magmatic perspective. The diorite porphyry from the Yaduo area of the Southern Qiangtang terrane was formed at ~37 Ma and exhibits adakitic characteristics, interpreted as derived from fractional crystallization of lithospheric mantle-derived basaltic melts. The granitoids from the Yawa area in the Lhasa terrane were formed at 55-54 Ma, and belonging to weakly peraluminous I-type granites, originating from partial melting of crustal materials. Based on these data, integrated with a comprehensive comparison of Eocene intermediate-felsic magmatic rocks in the southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, we propose that the initial India-Eurasia collision occurred at ~58 Ma; At ~52 Ma, crustal thickening resulting from the collision reached its peak, followed by slab breakoff, which triggered extensive magmatism; After ~45 Ma, the continued northward subduction of the Indian continental lithosphere drove intracontinental subduction of the lithosphere of the Lhasa terrane beneath the South Qiangtang terrane.

关键词

印度-欧亚大陆碰撞 / 青藏高原 / 始新世 / 侵入岩 / 地球化学 / 地壳加厚 / 远程岩浆响应

Key words

the India-Eurasia collision / Qinghai-Xizang Plateau / Eocene / intrusive rocks / geochemistry / crustal thickening / remote magmatic response

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基金资助

中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(XZ202401YD0006)