餐后有氧运动对大鼠糖脂代谢及肠道菌群的影响

Effects of postprandial aerobic exercise on glucose and lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in rats

摘要

目的 探讨餐后不同强度有氧运动对SD雄性大鼠血糖、血脂及肠道菌群的动态影响，为通过运动调节机体代谢与肠道微生态提供实验依据。方法 选取30只SD雄性大鼠，随机分为对照组（C组）、低强度运动组（L组）和高强度运动组（H组），每组10只。C组不进行运动干预，运动组每日餐后30 min，以15 m/min（L组）和25 m/min（H组）的速度在动物跑步机上运动1 h，每周运动5 d，持续8周。定期检测各组大鼠体重、餐后有氧运动前后血糖、血清总胆固醇（T-CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及游离脂肪酸（NEFA）水平；采集各组大鼠粪便进行16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群结构。结果 L组大鼠体重在第4、6、8周，明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）；H组体重在第8周时，明显低于C组，但高于L组（均P＜0.05）。L组仅在第1周时运动后血糖显著低于C和H组（均P＜0.05）；而第3周和7周的运动后血糖明显高于C组和H组（均P＜0.05）；第5、6、8周时，血糖明显高于C组（P＜0.01）；H组在第6周，高于C组（P＜0.01）。血脂方面，L组大鼠T-CHO在第4、6、8周，明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）；H组大鼠在第2、4、6、8周，明显低于C组，且在第2、6周，明显低于L组（均P＜0.01）。L组大鼠TG在第6、8周，明显低于C组，在第2、6、8周明显低于H组（均P＜0.05）；H组在第2、6、8周明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）。L组大鼠HDL-C在第6、8周，明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）；H组在第2、6、8周明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）。L组大鼠LDL-C在第2、6周，明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）；H组在第2、4、6、8周均明显低于C组（均P＜0.05）。L组大鼠NEFA在第4周，明显高于C组，第6、8周明显低于C组（P＜0.001）；H组在第4周明显高于C组，第6、8周明显高于L组（均P＜0.05）。肠道菌群方面，L组及H组Chao1指数明显高于C组，L组高于H组（均P＜0.001）；在门水平上，L组拟杆菌门丰度相对更高（P＜0.05）；在属水平上，与C组比较，L组及H组乳酸杆菌均增加，且L组高于H组（P＜0.01）；L组双歧杆菌明显增加（P＜0.01）；志贺菌属和真杆菌属在L组和H组均明显降低（P＜0.01）。结论 餐后有氧运动可调节大鼠血糖、血脂代谢及肠道菌群结构，且低强度运动在体重控制方面效果更优，高强度运动在血脂调节方面作用更显著。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the dynamic effects of postprandial aerobic exercise at different intensities on blood glucose, blood lipids and gut microbiota in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and to provide experimental evidence for regulating body metabolism and intestinal microecology through exercise. Methods Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (Group C), low-intensity exercise group (Group L) and high-intensity exercise group (Group H), with 10 rats in each group. Rats in Group C did not exercise, while those in the exercise groups performed treadmill exercise at a speed of 15 m/min (Group L) and 25 m/min (Group H) for 1 hour at 30 minutes after each meal, 5 days per week, for a continuous 8 weeks. The body weight of rats in each group, blood glucose levels before and after postprandial aerobic exercise, and serum levels of total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were measured regularly. Fecal samples of rats in each group were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing to analyze the structure of gut microbiota. Results Body weight of rats in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05); body weight of rats in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group C but higher than that in Group L at the 8th week (all P＜0.05). In Group L, the post-exercise blood glucose level was significantly lower than that in Groups C and H only at Week 1 (both P＜0.05); whereas at Weeks 3 and 7, the post-exercise blood glucose level was notably higher than that in Groups C and H (both P＜0.05); and at Weeks 5, 6 and 8, the level was markedly higher than that in Group C (P＜0.01); glucose level in Group H was significantly higher than that in Group C at the 6th week (P＜0.01). In terms of blood lipids, serum T-CHO level of rats in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 4th, 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05); the serum T-CHO level of rats in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks, and significantly lower than that in Group L at the 2nd and 6th weeks (all P＜0.01). Serum TG level of rats in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 6th and 8th weeks, and significantly lower than that in Group H at the 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05); serum TG level of rats in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05). The serum HDL-C level of rats in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05); serum HDL-C level of rats in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 2nd, 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05). Serum LDL-C level of rats in Group L was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 2nd and 6th weeks (all P＜0.05); serum LDL-C level of rats in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group C at the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05). Serum NEFA level of rats in Group L was significantly higher than that in Group C at the 4th week, and significantly lower than that in Group C at the 6th and 8th weeks (P＜0.001); serum NEFA level of rats in Group H was significantly higher than that in Group C at the 4th week, and significantly higher than that in Group L at the 6th and 8th weeks (all P＜0.05). For gut microbiota, the Chao1 index of Group L and Group H was significantly higher than that of Group C, and that of Group L was higher than that of Group H (all P＜0.001); the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in Group L was significantly higher (P＜0.05); the abundance of Lactobacillus was increased in both Group L and Group H, with that in Group L higher than that in Group H (P＜0.01); the abundance of Bifidobacterium in Group L was significantly increased (P＜0.01); the abundances of Escherichia-Shigella and Eubacterium were significantly decreased in both exercise groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion Postprandial exercise can regulate blood glucose, blood lipid metabolism, and gut microbiota structure in rats. Low-intensity exercise is more effective for weight control, while high-intensity exercise has a more pronounced effect on blood lipid regulation. These findings provide a reference for developing personalized exercise intervention strategies.

关键词

餐后有氧运动 / 血糖 / 血脂 / 肠道菌群

Key words

postprandial aerobic exercise / blood glucose / blood lipids / gut microbiota

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