轻度认知障碍患者脑电图频谱特征与血压变异率的相关性研究

Correlation between electroencephalogram spectrum and blood pressure variability in patients with mild cognitive impairment

摘要

目的 探讨轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者脑电图（EEG）频谱特征与血压变异率（BPV）的相关性，为MCI早期识别提供依据。方法 选取2023年1月至2025年1月收治的MCI患者30例为MCI组，同期健康对照者35例为HC组。所有受试者均完成静息态EEG及BPV的监测。比较两组受试者EEG δ、θ、α、β频段相对功率、各脑区脑电活动相对功率以及BPV的差异。采用Pearson相关性分析，探讨EEG指标与BPV的相关性。结果 与HC组比较，MCI组δ、θ频段相对功率升高，α频段相对功率降低，差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.01）；MCI组BPV高于HC组（P＜0.05）。相关性分析显示，MCI组各频段功率与BPV无明显相关性，枕区α功率与BPV呈负相关（r=−0.475，P=0.008）。结论 MCI患者存在EEG异常与BPV升高，枕区脑电活动与血压调控存在特异性关联。EEG联合BPV可为早期识别MCI提供一定参考。

Abstract

Objective To explore the correlation between electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral characteristics and blood pressure variability (BPV) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), so as to provide evidence for the early identification of MCI. Methods A total of 30 patients with MCI and 35 healthy controls (HC) between January 2023 and January 2025 were enrolled in the study. All subjects underwent resting-state EEG and BPV monitoring. The relative power of δ, θ, α, β bands and regional EEG activities, as well as BPV, were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between EEG indices and BPV. Results Compared with the HC group, the MCI group showed significantly increased relative power in δ and θ bands and decreased relative power in α band (all P＜0.01). BPV was significantly higher in the MCI group (P＜0.05). Correlation analysis revealed no significant association between global band power and BPV, while occipital α power was negatively correlated with BPV (r=−0.475, P=0.008). Conclusion Patients with MCI exhibit abnormal EEG patterns and elevated BPV. Occipital EEG activity is specifically associated with blood pressure regulation. EEG combined with BP may provide useful reference for the early screening of MCI.

关键词

轻度认知障碍 / 脑电图频谱 / 血压变异率 / 24小时收缩压标准差 / 枕区α节律 / 心-脑轴

Key words

mild cognitive impairment / EEG spectrum / blood pressure variability / 24-hour systolic blood pressure standard deviation / occipital α rhythm / heart-brain axis

参考文献

[1] Peterson RC. Mild cognitive impairment: transition from aging to Alzheimer's disease[J]. Neurobiol Aging, 2000, 21: 1. DOI: 10.1016/S0197-4580(00)82678-0.

[2] Peña—Bautista C, Roca M, Hervás D, et al. Plasma metabolomics in early Alzheimer's disease patients diagnosed with amyloid biomarker[J]. J Proteom, 2019, 200: 144-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.008.

[3] Donaghy PC, Carrarini C, Ferreira D, et al. Research diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta—analysis[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2023, 19(7): 3186-3202. DOI: 10.1002/alz.13105.

[4] Zhang MY, Liu X, Ren YN, et al. Decoding Alzheimer's: the role of EEG rhythms and aperiodic components in cognitive decline[J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 2026, 181: 2111437. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2111437.

[5] Guo XM, Liu ZW, Yuan WS, et al. Electroencephalographic power spectrum changes in cerebral small vessel disease combined with cognitive dysfunction and its relationship with neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and its clinical value—a pilot study[J]. Front Neurol, 2024, 14: 1300240. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1300240.

[6] 中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南写作组, 中国医师协会神经内科医师分会认知障碍疾病专业委员会, 贾建平, 等. 2018中国痴呆与认知障碍诊治指南(五): 轻度认知障碍的诊断与治疗[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2018, 98(17): 1294-1301.

[7] 中华医学会神经病学分会痴呆与认知障碍学组. 阿尔茨海默病源性轻度认知障碍诊疗中国专家共识2024[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2024, 57(7): 715-737. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn113694-20240320-00172.

[8] Xiao X, Zhu H, Liu WJ, et al. Semi—automatic 10/20 identification method for MRI—free probe placement in transcranial brain mapping techniques[J]. Front Neurosci, 2017, 11: 4. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00004.

[9] Batum K, Çinar N, Şahİn Ş, et al. The connection between MCI and Alzheimer disease: neurocognitive clues[J]. Turk J Med Sci, 2015, 45: 1137-1140. DOI: 10.3906/sag-1404-179.

[10] Martorelli M, Hartle L, Coutinho G, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of early cognitive indicators in mild cognitive impairment[J]. Dement Neuropsychol, 2020, 14(4): 358-365. DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-040005.

[11] Jiang Y, Guo ZW, Jiao RB, et al. Abnormal resting—state EEG neural oscillations and functional connectivity in mild cognitive impairment[J]. Front Aging Neurosci, 2025, 17: 1640966. DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2025.1640966.

[12] Meghdadi AH, Stevanović Karić M, McConnell M, et al. Resting state EEG biomarkers of cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment[J]. PLoS One, 2021, 16(2): e0244180. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244180.

[13] Buzi G, Fornari C, Perinelli A, et al. Functional connectivity changes in mild cognitive impairment: a meta—analysis of M/EEG studies[J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 2023, 156: 183-195. DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.10.011.

[14] Jung HW, Kim KI. Blood pressure variability and cognitive function in the elderly[J]. Pulse, 2013, 1(1): 29-34. DOI: 10.1159/000348622.

[15] Sible IJ, Bangen KJ, Blanken AE, et al. Antemortem visit—to—visit blood pressure variability predicts cerebrovascular lesion burden in autopsy—confirmed Alzheimer's disease[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2021, 17(S3): e050038. DOI: 10.1002/alz.050038.

[16] Li Q, Su S, Feng YX, et al. Potential role of blood pressure variability and plasma neurofilament light in the mechanism of comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease[J]. Alzheimers Dement, 2024, 20(7): 4891-4902. DOI: 10.1002/alz.14056.

[17] de Havenon A, Muddasani V, Anadani M, et al. Impact of mean blood pressure and blood pressure variability after diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and risk of dementia[J]. J Clin Hypertens, 2021, 23(12): 2124-2128. DOI: 10.1111/jch.14391.

[18] Lin YH, Chen YC, Chen JY. Disrupted circadian rhythm as a mediator of autonomic dysregulation and overactive bladder in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia[J]. Eur Urol Focus, 2026, 12(1): 144-146. DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2025.05.001.

[19] Nakata T, Shimada K, Iba A, et al. Differential diagnosis of MCI with Lewy bodies and MCI due to Alzheimer's disease by visual assessment of occipital hypoperfusion on SPECT images[J]. Jpn J Radiol, 2024, 42(3): 308-318. DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01501-3.

[20] Xia Y, Eeles E, Fripp J, et al. Reduced cortical cholinergic innervation measured using[18F]—FEOBV PET imaging correlates with cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment[J]. NeuroImage Clin, 2022, 34: 102992. DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.102992.

基金资助

大连市医学重点专科“登峰计划”项目(2023ZZ037)