皂苷抗白假丝酵母菌生物膜作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanisms of saponin anti-Candida albicans biofilm

摘要

白假丝酵母菌是机会性致病真菌，常引发难治性真菌感染，给患者的生命和健康带来重大风险。白假丝酵母菌形态转换和生物膜形成是其致病的关键因素，并且生物膜形成还能增强其耐药性。目前的抗真菌药物由于毒性和耐药性等问题在治疗侵袭性假丝酵母菌病时疗效有限，因此开发新型抗真菌药物显得尤为重要。由天然植物提取的皂苷在抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎、抗菌等方面具有重要作用。近年来研究发现，皂苷在抗白假丝酵母菌方面展现出良好的作用效果，但是相关的系统性评价仍较为缺乏。因此，深入解析皂苷抗白假丝酵母菌生物膜的作用机制，将为临床开发新型抗真菌药物提供科学依据。本文将综述皂苷的分类及其通过抑制白假丝酵母菌的黏附、形态转换、菌丝发育，以及诱导生物膜细胞凋亡等方式发挥抗真菌生物膜作用的机制，以期为皂苷在抗真菌作用的研发和利用中提供思路和参考。

Abstract

Candida albicans（C. albicans） is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans, often causing refractory fungal infections and posing significant risks to the lives and health of patients. Morphological transition and biofilm formation of C. albicans are key factors in its pathogenicity, and biofilm formation can also enhance its resistance to anti-fungal drugs. Current anti-fungal drugs exhibit limited efficacy in treating invasive candidiasis due to issues such as toxicity and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of new anti-fungal drugs is particularly important. Saponins derived from natural plants play important roles in anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities. Recent studies have shown that saponins exhibit promising effects against C. albicans; however, systematic evaluations related to this topic remain limited. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the mechanism by which saponins inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation may provide a scientific basis for the clinical development of novel anti-fungal drugs. This paper reviews the classification of saponins and their anti-fungal biofilm mechanisms, including inhibition of C. albicans adhesion, morphological transition, hyphal development, and induction of apoptosis in biofilm cells. The aim is to provide insights and references for the research and development of saponins in anti-fungal therapy.

关键词

白假丝酵母菌 / 生物膜 / 皂苷 / 机制

Key words

C. albicans / biofilm / saponins / mechanism

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基金资助

江西省自然科学基金项目(20202BABL206117)

南昌大学抚州医学院科技项目(fykj202407)