评分量表在肺栓塞早期识别与预后评估中的临床应用进展

Clinical application of scoring scales in early identification and prognostic evaluation of pulmonary embolism

摘要

肺栓塞（PE）作为静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）最严重的临床表现，其检出率近年来显著升高，但当前其临床诊断存在过度依赖影像学检查的问题。针对这一问题，一系列以循证医学为支持的评分量表被相继提出。这些量表功能各异：有的适用于疾病早期识别，有的则为预后判断与治疗决策提供可靠依据；协同应用可优化 PE 诊疗路径。本文重点围绕临床常用的 PE 相关评估工具，包括 Wells 量表、Geneva 评分、Padua 评分、Caprini 评分、PERC 规则、PESI/sPESI 及 Bova 评分等，系统综述其在 PE 早期识别与预后评估中的应用进展。

Abstract

Pulmonary embolism (PE), the most severe clinical manifestation of venous thromboembolism (VTE), has shown a significant increase in detection rate in recent years. However, current clinical diagnosis still relies excessively on imaging examinations. In response, a series of evidence-based scoring systems have been developed. These scoring tools serve distinct functions: some are applicable for early disease identification, while others provide reliable support for prognostic assessment and treatment decision-making. Their combined application can optimize the diagnostic and treatment pathway for PE. This paper focuses on these scoring systems, including the Wells score, Geneva score, Padua score, Caprini score, PERC rule, PESI/sPESI, and Bova score, and systematically reviews their application progress in the early identification and prognostic evaluation of PE.

关键词

肺栓塞 / 静脉血栓栓塞症 / 诊断 / 预后

Key words

pulmonary embolism / vein thromboembolism / diagnosis / prognosis

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