Aiming at the problems of the existing insulator missing detection model, such as large parameters and difficult detection of small targets, an improved lightweight detection model based on YOLOv5s is proposed. Firstly, the C3 module in the backbone network is removed, which reduces the number of parameters of the model. Secondly, the convolutional block attention module is introduced into the multi-scale feature fusion network, which improves the feature extraction ability of the network in complex backgrounds. Then, the weighted bi-directional feature pyramid network structure is used to perform a bi-directional cross-scale weighted fusion of features to improve the detection performance of targets under the interference of obstructions and similar targets. Finally, the SIoU loss function is selected to improve the convergence speed and detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the average accuracy of the proposed model is 96.8%, and the floating-point number of operations is 2.8 GFLOPS, while the original YOLOv5s floating-point number of operations is 16.3 GFLOPS with an average accuracy of 97.4%. Compared with the original model, the proposed model is more robust to scenarios such as small targets, interference of obstructions and similar targets, and greatly reduces the amount of computation while ensuring approximate detection accuracy.
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