The fuel pump is an important component of the aviation engine fuel control system, with complex surface morphology and a wide variety of defects. Aviation sockets and fuses are widely used parts on fuel pumps, which are prone to multiple surface defects in industrial production due to factors such as limited craftsmanship and improper operation by workers, so it is of great significance to detect defects on them. Aiming at the problems of traditional inspection methods such as low detection accuracy and low efficiency, a surface defect detection algorithm based on feature extraction, a small object detection network based on deep learning, and a rotating object detection network is proposed to meet the detection needs of different scenarios.The experimental results show that the improved small object detection network has an accuracy increase of 11.34% compared to traditional methods. Compared to the original YOLOv8s network, the mAP50 and mAP50:95 has increased by 6.6% and 4.7% respectively, and the number of parameters has decreased by 34%. Compared to traditional methods, the improved rotating object detection network has an accuracy increase of 10.38%. Compared to the original ShuffleNet-V2 network, the mAP50 and mAP50:95 has increased by 4.6% and 2.6% respectively, and the number of parameters has decreased by 17.6%. The experimental results indicate that the defect detection algorithm has high detection accuracy and can achieve fast and accurate detection of fuel pump aviation sockets and locking fuse.
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