With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in daily life, the development of efficient and accurate battery state-of-charge prediction technologies is of great significance for enhancing user experience and ensuring stable device operation. An efficient hybrid prediction model that utilizes the sparrow bird optimization algorithm (SBOA) to optimize variational mode decomposition (VMD) in combination with Gaussian process regression (GPR) and gated recurrent units (GRU) is proposed. High-precision predictions of lithium-ion battery state-of-charge are achieved by this model. Comparisons with traditional GRU and VMD-GRU models reveal that the proposed model can swiftly and effectively capture battery degradation trends. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) of the proposed method are 0.19% and 0.31%, respectively, demonstrating higher prediction accuracy and generalization capability.
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