To address the constant amplitude and constant frequency vibration control problem of the frequency-modulated atomic force microscope cantilever in operation, this paper aims to further optimize the cantilever control system structure. Based on the probe’s equation of motion and relevant structural parameters, a cantilever structural model was established. On this basis, a control loop was designed, integrating self-excited oscillation, phase-locked loop demodulation, and automatic gain control technology. The control loop consists of a phase-locked control loop and an amplitude-driven control loop, and the Simulink environment was used for modeling and simulating the cantilever and its control system. Simulation results show that the control system can stabilize the cantilever amplitude measurement signal at the set value of 5 nm within 4 ms, while maintaining the cantilever vibration frequency at 160 kHz (the resonance frequency of the drive mode). Furthermore, this paper investigates the effect of loop filter parameters in the phase-locked control loop on steady-state phase difference and frequency capture, laying the foundation for further improvements in the FM-AFM cantilever control system.
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