1.School of Instrument and Electronics,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China
2.State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China
3.China North Industries Corp,Beijing 100053,China
Geomagnetic navigation, characterized by its passive nature, stability, and strong anti-interference capability, has been widely applied in autonomous positioning and navigation of unmanned vehicles. High-quality geomagnetic information acquisition is a prerequisite for achieving accurate navigation performance. However, constrained maneuverability and complex magnetic environments often lead to the coexistence of ill-conditioned structures, noise, and gross errors in magnetic measurements, which significantly degrade the accuracy and robustness of magnetic compensation. Most existing magnetic disturbance compensation models assume Gaussian or near-Gaussian noise, which is insufficient to characterize real measurement errors. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a truncated total least squares compensation method with t-type robust estimation (TTLS-t). The TTLS framework effectively handles severely ill-conditioned magnetic models with errors on both sides, while the incorporation of a heavy-tailed t-distribution enhances robustness against multiple error sources. The tail thickness is adaptively adjusted through the degrees-of-freedom parameter, and an iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) scheme is employed to construct a residual-based weighting matrix that reflects the confidence in individual observations, thereby suppressing the influence of gross errors. The overall magnetic interference compensation is realized within the expectation-maximization (EM) framework. Experimental results based on measured data demonstrate that, under degraded data quality conditions, the proposed TTLS-t method achieves more than 75% improvement in compensation accuracy compared with conventional approaches, exhibiting superior accuracy and robustness.
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