Fiber optic pressure sensors are in high demand across diverse industries, such as aerospace, oil extraction, and environmental monitoring. To address the issues of low sensitivity and poor measurement accuracy in existing pressure sensors, a joint demodulation algorithm based on Fourier transform filtering (FTF) and minimum mean squared error (MMSE) was proposed. Furthermore, an optical fiber diaphragm pressure sensor based on a composite Fabry-Pérot cavity was fabricated using high-temperature thermal compression bonding technology. The proposed algorithm accomplishes high-precision cavity length demodulation by leveraging a process which involves: Fourier filtering for signal extraction, predictive modeling for reference spectrum generation, and the establishment of an MMSE matching model. A demodulation error of merely 0.001 3% for the cavity length was achieved by the FTF-MMSE algorithm in simulations. An experimental system for the pressure sensor was established to validate the practical performance of the demodulation algorithm and the testing capabilities of the sensor. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed FTF-MMSE algorithm achieves high-precision pressure demodulation. The sensor achieved a high sensitivity of -2.51 μm/MPa over a range of 0~5 MPa, with excellent linearity (R²=0.999). It also demonstrated good repeatability, along with an outstanding stability test error of merely 0.002 5%.
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