传统村落非遗共同体的内涵、结构与生成机理

Connotation, Structure, and Formation Mechanisms of the Intangible Cultural Heritage Community in Traditional Village

摘要

基于共同体理论提出“传统村落非遗共同体”概念，构建其分析框架，阐释概念内涵、结构特征、生成机理。采用文献梳理、理论演绎与多案例比较分析的方法，考察村落多元主体的非遗实践。研究表明：传统村落不同主体基于共享的知识体系、价值观念和情感记忆，围绕一项或多项非物质文化遗产展开传承实践，形成具有高度内聚性和文化认同感的社会生活有机体，包含文化–实践功能体、社会–空间统一体、关系–网络互动体三个维度。非遗共同体呈现出主体关系的组织性与差序性、文化形态的层级性与系统性、空间场域的叠合性与动态性三重结构特征；以生计方式的内生动力、宗族社会的组织基础及集体仪式的整合功能为内生力量，在外力介入下展现出独特的适应性与韧性。本研究可为传统村落非物质文化遗产保护实践提供理论参考。

Abstract

Based on the community theory, this paper proposes the concept of intangible cultural heritage community of traditional villages, aiming to construct its analytical framework and interpret the conceptual connotation, structural characteristics and formation mechanism. Adopting the methods of literature review, theoretical deduction and multi-case comparative analysis, this study investigates the intangible cultural heritage practices of multiple stakeholders in villages. The research findings indicate that diverse stakeholders in traditional villages carry out inheritance practices centering on one or multiple items of intangible cultural heritage based on shared knowledge systems, values and emotional memories, thereby forming a social living organism with high cohesion and cultural identity. This organism encompasses three dimensions: culture-behavior functional entity, society-space integrated entity, and relationship-network interactive entity. The intangible cultural heritage community presents threefold structural characteristics: the organizational and differential order of stakeholder relations, the hierarchical and systematic nature of cultural forms, as well as the overlapping and dynamic attributes of spatial fields. Driven by endogenous forces including the internal impetus of livelihood patterns, the organizational foundation of clan society, and the integrative function of collective rituals, it demonstrates unique adaptability and resilience under external intervention. This research can provide theoretical guidance for the conservation practice of intangible cultural heritage in traditional villages.

关键词

传统村落 / 非物质文化遗产 / 非遗共同体 / 结构特征 / 生成机理 / 共同体理论

Key words

traditional villages / intangible cultural heritage / intangible cultural heritage community / structural characteristics / formation mechanism / community theory

参考文献

[1] XU Q, WANG J. Recognition of values of traditional villages in Southwest China for sustainable development: a case study of Liufang Village[J]. Sustainability, 2021, 13(14): 7569.

[2] 陈炼, 段德罡, 季文瑞, 等. 发展乏力型传统村落保护利用的困境解析与治理路径:以陕西延川县太相寺村为例[J]. 自然资源学报, 2026, 41(4): 1271-1287.

[3] CHEN L, DUAN D G, JI W R. Challenges and governance paths for the conservation and utilization of underdeveloped traditional villages: a case study of Taixiangsi village in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province.[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2026, 41(4): 1271-1287.

[4] 叶露, 王慧宾, 汪德根, 等. 复杂适应系统视角下乡村空间演变特征与影响机制:以苏州市叶山岛村为例[J]. 人文地理, 2024, 39(5): 83-95.

[5] YE L, WANG H B, WANG D G, et al. Characteristics and impact mechanisms of rural spatial evolution from the perspective of complex adaptive system: a case study of Yeshan Island in Suzhou[J]. Human Geography, 2024, 39(5): 83-95.

[6] 李伯华, 刘沛林, 窦银娣, 等. 中国传统村落人居环境转型发展及其研究进展[J]. 地理研究 , 2017, 36(10): 1886-1900.

[7] LI B H, LIU P L, DOU Y D, et al. Research progress on transformation development of traditional villages’ human settlement in China[J]. Geographical Research, 2017, 36(10): 1886-1900.

[8] 田莉梅, 徐东升, 赵鹏飞, 等. 基于数字技术的传统聚落空间的连片保护与活化利用研究[J]. 工业建筑, 2023, 53(3): 88-95.

[9] TIAN L M, XU D S, ZHAO P F, et al. Investigation on continuous protection and activation utilization of traditional settlement space via digital technology[J]. Industrial Construction, 2023, 53(3): 88-95.

[10] 陆林, 陈慧峰, 符琳蓉. 旅游开发背景下传统村落功能演变的过程与机制:以黄山市西溪南村为例[J]. 地理科学, 2022, 42(5): 874-884.

[11] LU L, CHEN H F, FU L R. Process and mechanism of function evolution of traditional villages under the background of tourism development: a case study of Xixinan Village, Huangshan City[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2022, 42(5): 874-884.

[12] 易韵, 李伯华, 窦银娣, 等. 旅游驱动型传统村落居民文化适应的过程机理与整合路径研究[J]. 热带地理, 2024, 44(4): 635-647.

[13] YI Y, LI B H, DOU Y D, et al. The adjustment process and integration path of cultural adaptation of tourism—driven traditional village residents[J]. Tropical Geography, 2024, 44(4): 635-647.

[14] 张朝枝, 杨继荣. 建构与协商: 文化遗产与旅游的关系再认识[J]. 旅游学刊, 2022, 37(11): 75-84.

[15] ZHANG C Z, YANG J R. Construction and negotiation: Reflections on relationship between cultural heritage and tourism[J]. Tourism Tribune, 2022, 37(11): 75-84.

[16] 李伯华, 易韵, 窦银娣, 等. 城乡融合、价值重拾与文化适应: 传统村落文化遗产保护与活化:以江永县兰溪村为例[J]. 人文地理, 2023, 38(6): 115-124.

[17] LI B H, YI Y, DOU Y D, et al. Urban—rural integration, value reclaiming and cultural adaptation: traditional village cultural heritage protection and revitalization: the case of Lanxi Village in Jiangyong County[J]. Human Geography, 2023, 38(6): 115-124.

[18] FAN J, ZHENG B, ZHANG B, et al. Research on the revitalization path of ethnic villages based on the inheritance of spatial cultural genes—taking Tujia village of Fengxiangxi in Guizhou Province as a case study[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(2): 1303.

[19] 李林森, 吕蓁蓁, 金彤轩. 传统聚落文化景观基因图谱识别与传承路径构建:以运漕古镇为例[J/OL]. 安徽工业大学学报 (自然科学版), 2026−05−10. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/34.1254.n.20260409.1440.002.

[20] LI L S, LV Z Z, JIN T X, Atlas identification and transmission pathways construction of cultural landscape genes in traditional settlements:a case study of Yuncao Town, Anhui, China[J/OL]. Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Natural Science), 2026−05−10. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/34.1254.n.20260409.1440.002.

[21] 何峰， 邱钦莲. 传统村落人居环境感知价值对居民遗产责任行为的影响及其启示[J]. 自然资源学报, 2026, 41(4): 1253-1270.

[22] HE F, QIU Q L. The impact of perceived residential value on heritage responsibility behavior in traditional villages and their implications[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2026, 41(4): 1253-1270.

[23] 窦银娣, 刘悦滢, 李伯华. 传统村落人居环境有机更新的行动逻辑与实践路径[J]. 自然资源学报, 2024, 39(8): 1815-1834.

[24] DOU Y D, LIU Y Y, LI B H. The action logic and realization path of the organic renewal of human settlement environment in traditional villages[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2024, 39(8): 1815-1834.

[25] 王葆华, 王洋. 太原赤桥村传统村落公共空间重构的策略研究[J]. 城市发展研究, 2020, 27(5): 9-12,22.

[26] WANG B H, WANG Y. Study on the strategy of reconstructing the public space of traditional villages in Chiqiao Village of Taiyuan[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2020, 27(5): 9-12,22.

[27] LIU S, ZHU Z, GAO Y, et al. Assessing the dynamic vitality of public spaces in tourism—oriented traditional villages: a collaborative active perception method[J]. Heritage Science, 2024, 12(1): 1-13.

[28] ZHAO L, KIM J W. The impact of traditional Chinese paper—cutting in digital protection for intangible cultural heritage under virtual reality technology[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(18): e38073.

[29] SKUBLEWSKA−PASZKOWSKA M, MILOSZ M, POWROZNIK P, et al. 3D technologies for intangible cultural heritage preservation:literature review for selected databases[J]. Heritage Science, 2022, 10(1): 3.

[30] FADLI F, ALSAEED M. A holistic overview of qatar’s (built) cultural heritage towards an integrated sustainable conservation strategy[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 11(8): 2277.

[31] 童圆. 非物质文化遗产保护困境的深层原因及应对策略[J]. 文化学刊, 2018(8): 6-10.

[32] TONG Y. Deep reasons and countermeasures of the dilemma of intangible cultural heritage protection[J]. Culture Journal, 2018(8): 6-10.

[33] HUANG Y, SHAO P, DONG H, et al. Exploring the synergistic development level and benefits of intangible cultural heritage transmission and green governance in China[J]. Sustainability, 2025, 18(1): 309.

[34] 汤晔峥. 国际文化遗产保护转型与重构的启示[J]. 现代城市研究, 2015(11): 47-56.

[35] TANG Y Z. Inspiration of international transformation and reconstruction of cultural heritage protection[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2015(11): 47-56.

[36] ŠĆEKIĆ J, NIKOLIĆ M, VANIŠTA LAZAREVIĆ E, et al. Cultural and natural heritage as a driver for sustainable landscape development[C]// IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: 3rd International Conference on Environmental Design (ICED), 22−23 October, Athens, Greece, 2022, 1123: 012029.

[37] KYOUNG Y Y. Cultural value and economic value of cultural heritage: application of single—bounded contingent valuation method[J]. Journal of Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture, 2009, 27(4): 51-60.

[38] BANDA L O L, BANDA C V, BANDA J T, et al. Preserving cultural heritage: a community—centric approach to safeguarding the Khulubvi Traditional Temple Malawi[J]. Heliyon, 2024, 10(18): e37610.

[39] XU M., CHEN L. From authority to everyday practice: authorized heritage discourse and parasitic adaptive reuse in Siheyuan[J]. Buildings, 2026, 16(1): 240.

[40] 劳拉简·史密斯, 张煜. 遗产本质上都是非物质的: 遗产批判研究和博物馆研究[J]. 文化遗产, 2018(3): 62-71.

[41] SMITH L, ZHANG Y. Heritage is essentially intangible: Critical heritage studies and museum studies[J]. Cultural Heritage, 2018(3): 62-71.

[42] BOURDIN A, WAN T T, DELBOS P. Tourism and rural heritage: a win—win relation? the conditions of heritage making in touristic rural regions[J]. Built Heritage, 2019, 3(2): 24-36.

[43] CSURGO B, SMITH M K. Cultural heritage, sense of place and tourism: an analysis of cultural ecosystem services in rural Hungary[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(12): 7305.

[44] PARK R E, BURGESS E W. Introduction to the Science of Sociology: Including an Index to Basic Sociological Concepts[M]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1921: 161-164.

[45] TAN Y C, Yang L H, Wang B. Community—engaged digital safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage: a review of methods and challenges[J]. NPJ Heritage Science, 2026, 14(1): 184.

[46] 孟凡行. 手工艺共同体的理论、意义及问题:以陕西凤翔泥塑村为例[J]. 民族艺术, 2018(2): 82-90.

[47] MENG F X. Theory, significance and problems of handicraft community: a case study of Fengxiang Clay Sculpture Village, Shaanxi[J]. National Arts, 2018(2): 82-90.

[48] 宋俊华, 王辉. 非物质文化遗产保护的规范与创新[J]. 民族艺术研究, 2023, 36(5): 90-98.

[49] SONG J H, WANG H. Regulation and innovation of intangible cultural heritage safeguarding[J]. Ethnic Art Studies, 2023, 36(5): 90-98.

[50] 张娅琼. 铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下非遗数字传播的逻辑、困境与路径[J]. 民族学刊, 2026, 17(3): 1-9,153.

[51] ZHANG Y Q. Exploring the logic, challenges and approaches of the digital dissemination of intangible cultural heritage from the perspective of forging a strong sense of community for the chinese nation[J]. Journal of Ethnology, 2026, 17(3): 1-9,153.

[52] 马知遥, 常国毅. 论非遗铸牢中华民族共同体意识的理与路[J]. 文化遗产, 2025(4): 17-25.

[53] MA Z Y, CHANG G Y. On the rationale and path of ICH consolidating the sense of community for the Chinese Nation[J]. Cultural Heritage, 2025(4): 17-25.

[54] 费孝通. 乡土中国[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2012.

[55] FEI X T. From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2012.

[56] 沈华耀. 文化自信的造型表达:乐安傩舞装束与道具差异现象研究[D]. 北京: 中国艺术研究院, 2018

[57] SHEN H Y. The Modeling Expression of Cultural Confidence: A Study on the Differences in Costumes and Props of Le’an Nuo Dance[D]. Beijing: Chinese National Academy of Arts, 2018.

[58] SONG M, KIM J E. The sustainablility of traditional Chinese villages: a perspective from the production of space[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2025, 13: 1635374.

[59] 安传艳, 翟洲燕, 李同昇. 空间的表征: 现代空间治理的话语工具:基于“社会空间”思想的权力运作逻辑分析[J]. 人文地理, 2025, 40(3): 32-41,155.

[60] AN C Y, ZHAI Z Y, LI T S. Representation of space: discursive instruments in modern spatial governance:an analysis of the logic of power operation informed by the concept of “social space”[J]. Human Geography, 2025, 40(3): 32-41,155.

[61] 列斐伏尔. 空间的生产[M]. 刘怀玉, 译. 北京: 商务印书馆, 2022: 68-72.

[62] LEFEBVRE H. The Production of Space[M]. LIU H Y, trans. Beijing: The Commercial Press, 2022: 68-72.

[63] 王苏宇, 陈晓刚, 林辉. 徽州传统村落景观基因识别体系及其特征研究:以安徽宏村为例[J]. 城市发展研究, 2020, 27(5): 13-17.

[64] WANG S Y, CHEN X G, LIN H. Research on Huizhou traditional village landscape gene identification system and its characteristics: take Anhui Hongcun as an example[J]. Urban Development Studies, 2020, 27(5): 13-17.

[65] 王浩锋. 宏村水系的规划与规划控制机制[J]. 华中建筑, 2008, 26(12): 224-228.

[66] WANG H F. Water system planning and its control mechanism of Hong village[J]. Huazhong Architecture, 2008, 26(12): 224-228.

[67] 陈晓华, 张方琪, 王千辰, 等. 流空间理论视域下传统村落转型特征与驱动机制:以绩溪县龙川村为例[J]. 安徽工业大学学报 (自然科学版), 2025, 42(4): 433-444.

[68] CHEN X H, ZHANG F Q, WANG Q C, et al. Spatial transformation characteristics and driving mechanisms of traditional villages from the perspective of space of flows theory:a case study of Longchuan Village in Jixi County[J]. Journal of Anhui University of Technology (Natural Science), 2025, 42(4): 433-444.

基金资助

安徽省哲学社科规划重点项目(AHSKZ2022D11)