Objective Weathered coal is widely available and inexpensive, and has the characteristics of reasonable pore size distribution and rich in active functional groups. Its adsorption performance can be improved through modification, and it can be used for treating high concentration heavy metal wastewater and thus is of great developmental value. The purpose of this paper was to prepare an efficient lead remediation agent with weathered coal as the raw material and to explore its adsorption mechanism, providing a material basis and theoretical support for the purification of lead-containing wastewater direction for the high-value utilization of weathered coal. Method Vinylamine modification and response surface methods were used to prepare and optimize the preparation process of weathered coal remediation agent. The adsorption mechanism of the material was investigated using batch adsorption experiments combined with characterization techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Specific Surface and Porosity Analyzer (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XPS). Result The process parameters for preparing the lead remediation agent with triethylenetetramine-modified weathered were determined: System pH=4.98, ethylene amine dosage 2.58 mL·g-1 weathered coal, ultrasonic time 64.34 min, ultrasonic power 350 W. The adsorption process of the remediation agent on lead was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, indicating that the process was predominantly monolayer adsorption through chemisorption, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 228 mg·g-1, which was a 48% increase over the raw coal. Thermodynamic analysis showed that ΔG<0, ΔH>0, ΔS> 0, indicating that the reaction was a spontaneous endothermic process, and the increase in temperature promoted the reaction. The disruption effect of ultrasonic modification and the grafting of polyethylene polyamines reduced the mesopore area by 63.14% and increased the micropore area by 126%,while the surface-rich hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, and amide groups coordinated or complexed with lead, facilitating its capture of lead. Conclusion This study obtained an efficient lead remediation material. The amount of ethylamine and ultrasonic temperature were the significant factors affecting the adsorption performance of the material. The increase in micropore area and the abundance of active groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amide) were the main lead adsorption mechanisms.
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