1.College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030800,China
2.Shanxi Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources,Shanxi Institute of Ecological and Environmental Technology,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China
Objective This study was designed to investigate the effect of manure application on the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (expressed by Q10) and its main driving factors in northern China’s croplands. The objective was to develop appropriate agricultural practices to reduce CO2 emissions from farmland. Methods Domestic and international literature on the influence of manure application on soil respiratory temperature sensitivity were collected from CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Web of Science databases. Using keywords like "manure", "soil respiration", "temperature sensitivity" and "Northern China", a total of 104 sets of experimental data were extracted from 16 published studies. Meta-analysis was used to investigate how various factors affected soil respiratory temperature sensitivity Q10 under different manure application conditions. Results The results indicated that manure application significantly increased soil respiration temperature sensitivity by 8.11%. Pig manure exhibited a significantly higher increase rate of 12.72% compared to chicken manure of 5.56%. The highest increase in soil respiration temperature sensitivity was observed at manure application rate≤15 000 kg·hm-2 (9.28%). Sole manure application showed a substantially greater increase(11.96%) than the combination of manure with chemical fertilizer (5.22%). In addition, the increase was significantly higher with soil organic carbon≥12 g·kg-1 (7.17%) compared to 6~12 g·kg-1 (2.23%), and initial pH≥7 (8.11%) versus pH<7 (3.48%). Under varied climatic conditions, the increase in sensitivity was significantly higher for annual mean temperature≤5 ℃ (8.83%) compared to 5~10 ℃ and ≥10 ℃. Similarly, an annual rainfall of 400~600 mm (8.98%) displayed a significantly higher increase than ≤400 mm (2.71%) and ≥600 mm (-3.13%). Furthermore, the results from random forest (RF) analysis highlighted soil organic carbon (SOC) content as the key factor affecting change in soil respiration temperature sensitivity,explaining 42.6% of the variance. Conclusion Overall, the application of chemical fertilizer combined with chicken manure at rates exceeding>15 000 kg·hm-2 not only exhibited the smallest increase in soil respiration sensitivity to temperature in farmland of northern China, but also effectively reduced soil carbon emission, potentially contributing to global warming mitigation efforts. Additionally, soil organic carbon content emerged as the main driving factors affecting soil respiration temperature sensitivity under manure application in northern China.
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