Objective Potatoes are the fourth largest grain crop in China, with the planting area and yield ranking first globally. In China, potatoes are primarily consumed fresh, and there is a high demand for improved storage and preservation periods to enhance the quality of potato harvest. Traditional potato combine harvester operations easily lead to damage to the potato skin and tubers, affecting the later storage and sales of potatoes. Moreover, the labor-intensive manual picking of segmented harvesting increases the planting cost. Therefore, there is an urgent demand for a low-loss combined harvester for fresh potatoes. Methods To meet the efficient and low-loss combined harvesting demand for fresh potatoes, considering the agronomy of fresh potato cultivation, the mechanical harvesting damage mechanism of potatoes was analyzed. The overall design scheme of the combined harvesting machine for fresh potatoes, along with the structural forms and parameters of key components, was determined. A sorting-type combined harvesting machine for potatoes was developed,which integrated low-resistance digging, flexible conveying, soil-potato separation, manual picking, and box or bag packaging operations. The machine adopted the operation mode of low-speed slow vibration auxiliary separation, soil removal, and impurity removal combined with manual sorting. A ton package collection platform was designed at the tail, which shortened the separation and transportation distance, reducing the collision and drop times of potato pieces, significantly reducing the harvest damage and impurity rate, and improving manual sorting efficiency and operation efficiency. Results Field experiments demonstrated 2.84% of loss rate of the sorting type potato combine harvester, 1.31% of the potato damage rate, 2.19% of the impurity content rate, 2.1% of the skin breaking rate,and 0.13 hm2/h of the harvesting efficiency. All performance indicators met the agricultural industry standards for potato combined harvesting machines. Conclusion The sorting type potato combine harvester has a low rate of peeling and damage during harvesting, making it suitable for the combined harvesting of fresh potatoes and has broad prospects for promotion and application.
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