Objective This study aimed to explore the effects of different light intensities on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Populus qiongdaoensis seedlings. Methods One and a half-year-old P. qiongdaoensis seedlings were used as experimental materials. Four light intensity treatments were set up: full light (100%, CK), 70% full light(RI70%), 40 % full light(RI40%) , and 10 % full light(RI10%). After 12 months of treatment, the effects of different light intensities on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of P. qiongdaoensis seedlings were analyzed. Results Survival rate, ground diameter growth, leaf number growth, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and single leaf mass all decreased with the reduction of light intensity. Stem height growth and leaf number showed an initial increase followed by a decrease trend. The survival rate, stem height, ground diameter, and leaf number of P. qiongdaoensis seedlings under RI70% and RI40% treatments were significantly higher than those under RI10%. The root biomass, root biomass ratio, and root-to-shoot ratio of RI70% treatment were significantly higher than those of RI40% and RI10%. RI70% and RI40% treatments resulted in significantly higher root, stem, leaf biomass, and total biomass compared to RI10%. With decreasing light intensity,leaf content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content gradually increased,while the content of carotenoids decreased. Pn significantly decreased with the decrease of light intensity. Under RI70%, P. qiongdaoensis sseedlings exhibited the highest Pn, which was 1.72 times and 2.16 times higher than those under RI40% and RI10%, respectively. Leaf number growth was significantly positively correlated with stem height growth and ground diameter. Pn was significantly positively correlated with carotenoid (Car) and transpiration rate (Tr). Stomatal limitation value (Ls)was significantly negatively correlated with Ci and GS. ConclusionP. qiongdaoensis seedlings can tolerate a certain degree of shade, and moderate shading can promote the growth of both aboveground and underground parts of seedlings which enhancing their gas exchange capacity. However, seedlings face challenges in survival and growth under weak light stress. Relative light intensity of 70% appears to be the most adaptive for P. qiongdaoensis seedlings.
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