不同覆膜栽培方式下胡麻叶片叶绿素含量、失水速率及产量
杨治伟 , 曹秀霞 , 张炜 , 剡宽将 , 钱爱萍
山西农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (01) : 53 -60.
不同覆膜栽培方式下胡麻叶片叶绿素含量、失水速率及产量
Chlorophyll content,water loss rate and yield of flax under different film mulching cultivation methods
目的 干旱是制约宁南山区胡麻生长和生产的非生物胁迫因子之一。探索适宜宁南旱作农田覆膜栽培胡麻的有效栽培方式,可为解决胡麻栽培过程中的干旱问题及发展胡麻覆膜栽培提供实践和理论依据。 方法 于2021-2023年,以胡麻品种‘宁亚21号’为供试材料,在大田试验条件下,设平膜穴播(FHS)、垄膜沟播(RFS)和露地条播(CK)共3个处理,分析不同覆膜栽培方式对胡麻叶绿素含量、离体叶片失水速率及产量的影响。 结果 连续3年通过3种覆膜栽培的试验结果表明,在不同覆膜栽培条件下,同一年间胡麻叶片叶绿素含量均表现为FHS>RFS>CK,不同年份间不同覆膜栽培条件下的叶绿素含量不同;与CK相比,RFS和FHS的株高、鲜重和干重均高于CK;2021年和2023年的离体叶片失水速率表现为CK>RFS>FHS,而2022年的离体叶片失水速率表现为CK>FHS>RFS;产量均表现为FHS>RFS>CK,2021年FHS的增产幅度最大,其有效分枝数、有效结果数和单株产量均高于其它处理;有效结果数和单株产量均表现为FHS>RFS>CK。与CK相比,FHS和RFS均提高了胡麻叶片的叶绿素含量、产量、有效分枝数和有效结果数,降低了离体叶片的失水速率,且FHS优于RFS,在2021年FHS增产达到了185.7 kg·hm-2,且增产效果显著。相关性分析表明,离体叶片失水速率与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关,与产量呈极显著负相关;叶绿素含量与产量呈显著正相关。 结论 FHS不仅提高了胡麻叶片的叶绿素含量、产量、有效分枝数和有效结果数,还可以降低离体叶片的失水速率,增强胡麻的抗旱性,因此FHS种植方式是适合宁南旱作农田胡麻生产的有效栽培措施。
Objective Drought is one of the abiotic stress factors restricting the growth and production of flax in the mountainous area of southern Ningxia. Exploring effective mulching cultivation methods for flax in the dryland fields of southern Ningxia can provide practical and theoretical support for addressing the drought issues during flax cultivation and promoting mulching cultivation of flax. Methods From 2021 to 2023, the flax variety‘Ningya 21’was used as the experimental material. Under field trial conditions, three mulching cultivation treatments were applied: flat film hole sowing (FHS), ridge film furrow sowing (RFS) and open field strip sowing (CK). The effects of different mulching cultivation methods on chlorophyll content, detached leaf water loss rate, and yield were analyzed. Results The results of three consecutive years of experiments under three mulching cultivation conditions showed that, in different mulching cultivation conditions within the same year, the chlorophyll content of flax leaves exhibited the order FHS>RFS>CK. However, the chlorophyll content varied under different mulching cultivation conditions among different years. Compared to CK, both RFS and FHS treatments showed higher plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight. The detached leaf water loss rate in 2021 and 2023 was in the order CK>RFS>FHS, while in 2022, it was CK>FHS>RFS; The yield showed the order FHS>RFS>CK,with the greatest yield increase observed in FHS in 2021,where the effective branch number, effective pod number, and yield per plant were higher than other treatments. The effective pod number and yield per plant showed the order FHS>RFS>CK. Compared to CK, both FHS and RFS increased the chlorophyll content, yield, effective branch number, and effective pod number of flax leaves and reduced the detached leaf water loss rate. FHS outperformed RFS, and in 2021,FHS achieved a significant increase in yield by 185.7 kg·hm-2. Correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between detached leaf water loss rate and chlorophyll content, as well as an extremely significant negative correlation with yield. There was a significant positive correlation between chlorophyll content and yield. Conclusion FHS not only increased the chlorophyll content, yield, effective branch number and effective pod number of flax leaves, but also reduced the water loss rate of detached leaves, enhancing the drought resistance of flax. Therefore, FHS planting method is an effective cultivation measure suitable for flax production in the dryland fields of southern Ningxia.
| [1] |
许香春,王朝云.国内外地膜覆盖栽培现状及展望[J].中国麻业,2006,28(1):6-11. |
| [2] |
|
| [3] |
杨长刚,柴守玺,常磊, |
| [4] |
|
| [5] |
高玉红,牛俊义,闫志利, |
| [6] |
|
| [7] |
姜净卫,董宝娣,司福艳, |
| [8] |
|
| [9] |
董立,李海权,降彦苗, |
| [10] |
|
| [11] |
贠民政,韩玉娥,张毅, |
| [12] |
|
| [13] |
李瑛,赵永伟,刘宝文, |
| [14] |
|
| [15] |
刘杰,王宗胜,杨丽, |
| [16] |
|
| [17] |
杨丽.垄膜沟播垄沟宽对胡麻水分利用效率和产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2019,38(10):17-25. |
| [18] |
|
| [19] |
党增春,刘耀宏,万惠娥.旱地胡麻覆膜穴播种植与节水补灌试验研究[J].水土保持通报,2000,20(2):12-14. |
| [20] |
|
| [21] |
原立地,顾万荣,孙继, |
| [22] |
|
| [23] |
赵利,王斌,赵玮, |
| [24] |
|
| [25] |
罗俊杰,欧巧明,叶春雷, |
| [26] |
|
| [27] |
何丽,杜彦斌,王娜, |
| [28] |
|
| [29] |
王利琴,杨建春,张永福, |
| [30] |
|
| [31] |
王兴荣,苟作旺,张彦军, |
| [32] |
|
| [33] |
王立明,石云,刘平.1995—2015年宁南陇东丘陵沟壑蓄水保土区土壤侵蚀时空变化分析—以宁夏彭阳县为例[J].中国水土保持,2019(9):48-51. |
| [34] |
|
| [35] |
魏清江,冯芳芳,马张正, |
| [36] |
|
| [37] |
刁珊, |
| [38] |
|
| [39] |
高亚宁,常娇,李玉, |
| [40] |
|
| [41] |
冯晓钰,周广胜.夏玉米叶片水分变化与光合作用和土壤水分的关系[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):177-185. |
| [42] |
|
| [43] |
王才斌,郑亚萍,成波, |
| [44] |
|
| [45] |
宋世佳,任晓利,魏志敏, |
| [46] |
|
| [47] |
桑丹丹,高聚林,王志刚, |
| [48] |
|
| [49] |
张明生,彭忠华,谢波, |
| [50] |
|
| [51] |
贺亚川,俎伟华,王琴, |
| [52] |
|
| [53] |
赵爽,葛朝红,闵卓, |
| [54] |
|
| [55] |
刘晓光,范燕,赵雪飞, |
| [56] |
|
| [57] |
张平良,郭天文,李书田, |
| [58] |
|
| [59] |
王艺陶,周宇飞,李丰先, |
| [60] |
|
| [61] |
张晓娟,张尚沛,程炳文, |
| [62] |
|
| [63] |
侯慧芝,张绪成,尹嘉德, |
| [64] |
|
| [65] |
李维敏,周国兴,李旭新, |
| [66] |
|
国家特色油料产业技术体系项目(CARS-14-2-28)
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02020)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |