Objective The heavy metal pollution in foliar dust serves as an indicator of regional heavy metal pollution, and investigating the distribution characteristics, sources, and risks of heavy metals in foliar dust is of great significance for regional heavy metal pollution control and prevention. Methods This study analyzed foliar dust from different environmental functional areas, particle sizes, and tree species in Taigu District of Jinzhong City. ICP-MS (plasma mass spectrometer) method was used to determine the content of heavy metals in foliar dust. The sources of heavy metals in leaf dust of Taigu District were investigated using correlation and principal component analysis. Ecological and health risk assessment models were used to assess the associated risk. Results The main findings of this study were as follows: the average heavy metal concentrations, in descending order, were 101.52±164.46 (Zn), 20.60±22.53 (Cr), 15.70±20.01 (Pb), 7.06±3.54 (As), 4.45±3.22 (Cu), and 3.11±2.48 (Ni) mg/kg. The Cd concentration (0.98±1.38 mg/kg) was 9.8 times higher than the background value of soil elements in Shanxi Province. The overall distribution trend of heavy metal content in foliar dust was: traffic road>cultural and educational area>industrial area; PM2.5>PM10; shrub>evergreen tree>deciduous tree. Pb, As, and Cd were mainly derived from vehicle exhaust emissions; Ni and Cu originated mainly from rock weathering and soil parent material; Cr and Zn were largely contributed to industrial exhaust emissions. The potential ecological hazard index(RI)for heavy metals was 281.35, indicating a moderate ecological risk. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values of heavy metals were 5.68×10-1(adults)and 9.19×10-1(children), and 2.94×10-4and4.84×10-4, respectively, which indicated no non-carcinogenic risk but with a carcinogenic risk. Conclusion Cd is the main heavy metal contaminant in foliar dust in Taigu District, Jinzhong City. The ecological and carcinogenic risks associated with heavy metals in foliar dust warrant significant attention.
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