华北落叶松林林分密度对林下更新影响研究
Study on the effect of stand density on understory regeneration in Larix principis-rupprechtii Forest in North China
目的 华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)是寒温带针叶林的优势树种之一。探究华北落叶松的更新特征,可为深入探测华北落叶松林天然更新潜在的生态学机制提供依据。 方法 以关帝山华北落叶松林为研究对象,设置3种林分密度类型,分析不同林分密度林下更新苗组成、结构及空间格局特征。 结果 中密度(825~875 株·hm-2)华北落叶松林林下更新状况良好,更新苗数量明显增多(3500 株·hm-2),低龄级更新苗较多,高龄级的更新苗相对较少,更新苗龄级结构呈连续及相对稳定的分布;而低密度(575~700 株·hm-2)和高密度(1000~1125 株·hm-2)华北落叶松林下更新不佳,更新苗数量明显减少(≤1250 株·hm-2),高密度林下更新苗龄级结构间断,幼苗到幼树的过渡不连续。从更新苗的生长情况看,低密度林分中林下更新苗的株高、地径生长表现最好。更新幼树中的优势树种在3种密度的林分中均呈现明显的集聚分布。低密度和中密度华北落叶松林下更新幼苗的空间异质性强,高密度林下更新幼苗的空间异质性弱。更新幼苗空间变异主要由结构性因素引起。 结论 林分密度过密或过疏都不利于华北落叶松更新,及时进行密度调控有利于华北落叶松林的可持续发展。
Objective Larix principis-rupprechtii is one of the dominant tree species in the cold temperate coniferous forest. Exploring the regeneration characteristics of L.principis-rupprechtii forest can provide a basis for a deeper understanding of the potential ecological mechanism of natural regeneration in L.principis-rupprechtii forest. Methods Taking L.principis-rupprechtii forest in Guandi Mountain area as the research object, three stand density types were set up to analyze the composition, structure, and spatial patterns of understory regeneration under different stand densities. Results In moderate density (825~827 plants·hm-2) L.principis-rupprechtii forest, the understory regeneration was in good condition,with a significant increase in the number of regeneration seedlings (3500 plants·hm-2), mostly at low age levels, and relatively fewer seedlings at higher age level, showing a continuous and relatively stable distribution of regeneration seedling age levels. However, in low density (575~700 plants/hm2) and high density (1000~1125 plants·hm-2) L.principis-rupprechtii forests, the understory regeneration was poor, with a significant decrease in the number of regeneration seedlings(≤1250 plants·hm-2), and the age level structure of regeneration seedlings was discontinuous transition from saplings to young trees. In terms of growth, the plant height and ground diameter growth of understory regeneration seedlings were best in low density stands. Dominant tree species among the regeneration saplings showed significant aggregation distribution in all three stand densities. The spatial heterogeneity of regeneration seedlings were strong in low and moderate density of L.principis-rupprechtii, while it was weak in high-density stands. Spatial variation of regeneration seedlings was mainly caused by structural factors. Conclusion Excessive stand density, either too dense or too sparse, is detrimental to the regeneration of L.principis-rupprechtii forest. Timely density regulation is beneficial for the sustainable development of L.principis-rupprechtii forest in North China.
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国家自然科学基金项目(31901365)
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