Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme,Institute of Industrial Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China
Objective To clarify the antibacterial mechanism of Paenibacillus NK3-4 strain against Exserohilum turcicum,the pathogen of northern leaf spot of maize, and to establish a theoretical foundation for the development of biocontrol agents using Paenibacillus as the main component. Method Microscopic observation method and mycelium growth rate measurement methods were used to determine the antibacterial effects. Additionally, the content of alkaline phosphatase, primary phosphorus metabolism levels, cell membrane permeability, soluble sugar, protein synthesis levels, and melanin content in E. turcicum were analyzed using spectrophotometry to explore the antibacterial mechanism of Paenibacillus against E. turcicum. Result Different concentrations of the Paenibacillus strain NK3-4 fermentation broth inhibited the growth of E. turcicum. At the concentration of 20%, the inhibition rate reached 98.68%, and the spore germination inhibition rate reached 99.04%. The fermentation broth destroyed the mycelium structure of E. turcicum, inhibited mycelium formation, and prevent spore germination. The fermentation broth also had a destructive effect on cell wall structure, cell membrane metabolism, and membrane permeability and integrity, though it did not significantly affect protein formation in the pathogen. Meanwhile, the fermentation broth reduced the pathogenicity of the HT toxin and the melanin content of E. turcicum. Conclusion The bacillus-like strain NK3-4 can inhibit the growth and development of E. turcicum by destroying the mycelium structure, inhibiting mycelium formation, and preventing spore germination. The fermentation broth exerts its antibacterial effect by damaging the cell wall structure, disrupting cell membrane metabolism,and compromising cell membrane permeability and integrity. Additionally,the fermentation broth can reduce the pathogenicity of E. turcicum by lowering melanin content of HT toxin. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of biocontrol agents against northern leaf spot of maize.
土地类芽孢杆菌NK3-4(Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4)是一种新型生防菌,前期研究表明,该菌株能有效提高作物产量和品质,促进作物生长发育,可通过固定大气中的氮,增加土壤中可溶性养分的含量,有效提升植物抗性并增加植物体对营养物质吸收效率,在防治多种作物病害的同时诱导作物抗病性。本研究以NK3-4为材料,采用平板对峙法及盆栽试验法研究类芽孢杆菌NK3-4对玉米大斑病菌的防治效果;并深入分析抑菌活性物质的理化特性及对玉米大斑病菌的抑菌机理,旨在明确类芽孢杆菌NK3-4在玉米大斑病防治上的作用潜力,为玉米大斑病的生物防治提供新的微生物资源,并为该菌株在玉米大斑病防治上的应用研究提供理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料
本试验以玉米大斑感病品种‘先玉335’为植物供试材料。土地类芽孢杆菌NK3-4(Paenibacillus terrae NK3-4)菌株(专利号:ZL201310097450.2),由黑龙江省农垦科学院提供。玉米大斑病菌(Exserohilum turcicum)由吉林大学刘金亮教授惠赠。
VejanP, AbdullahR, KhadiranT,et al .Role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in agricultural sustainability-a review[J].Molecules,2016,21(5):573.
[2]
Vives-PerisV, de OllasC, Gómez-CadenasA,et al .Root exudates:from plant to rhizosphere and beyond[J].Plant Cell Reports,2020,39(1):3-17.
[3]
BhattacharyyaP N, JhaD K .Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR):emergence in agriculture[J].World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology,2012,28(4):1327-1350.
SongH X, LiS X .Dynamics of nutrient accumulation in maize plants under different water and N supply conditions[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2003,36(1):71-76.
XieL F, HeP F, WuY X,et al .Control effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2 on corn leaf spots[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2017,25(2):130-135.
[9]
DongJ G, FanY S, GuiX M,et al .Geographic distribution and genetic analysis of physiological racesof Setosphaeria turcica in northern China[J].American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences,2008,3(1):389-398.
ZhaoS L, RenF E, LiuJ L,et al .Screening,identification and optimization of fermentation conditions of an antagonistic actinomycetes strain to Setosphaeria turcica[J].Acta Microbiologica Sinica,2012,52(10):1228-1236.
HouM L, XinY Y, HaoZ M,et al .Antifungal activity substance of endogeny Bacillus in maize(Zea mays) and mechanisms against Setosphaeria turcica[J].Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology,2012,20(9):1018-1027.
[16]
秦楠 .解淀粉芽孢杆菌HRH317抗菌蛋白鉴定及抑菌机理研究[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2015.
[17]
QinN .Purification,identification and inhibitive mechanism of antifungal protein from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain HRH317[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2015.
QiX M .Mechanism of marine strain TC-1Preventing banana vascular wilt and antifungal protein inhibiting Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense Race4[D].Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University,2012.
ShenY .Sreening and identification of endophytic actinomycetes from maize and research on the mechanism of antigungal activity against Exserohilum turcicum [D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.
GuF Y, GaoJ, RuanH,et al .Proteomics studies of fungi—methods and progressions[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2012,12(8):135-140.
TongY M .Functions of StpkaC1 and StpkaC2 in regulating the development and pathogenicity of Setosphaeria turcica [D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2014.
[26]
ShiJ F, SunC Q .Isolation,identification,and biocontrol of antagonistic bacterium against Botrytis cinerea after tomato harvest[J].Brazilian Journal of Microbiology,2017,48(4):706-714.
[27]
李俊州,文才艺 .植物病害生防细菌研究进展[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(10):1-7.
[28]
LiJ Z, WenC Y .Research progress on bacteria for biological control of plant disease[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2015,44(10):1-7.
[29]
NaingK W, AneesM, KimS J,et al .Characterization of antifungal activity of Paenibacillus ehimensis KWN38 against soilborne phytopathogenic fungi belonging to various taxonomic groups[J].Annals of Microbiology,2014,64(1):55-63.
WangL Q, WangQ Y, LiaoM D .The progress of biological properties and mechanisms of Paenibacillus polymyxa [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(11):158-163.
[32]
NemethJ, OeschG, KusterS P .Bacteriostatic versus bactericidal antibiotics for patients with serious bacterial infections:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2015,70(2):382-395.
[33]
LiX C, HeC F, SongL Y,et al .Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of Larch bark procyanidins against Staphylococcus aureus [J].Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica,2017,49(12):1058-1066.
[34]
ShenY, ZhangY J, LiuC X,et al . Micromonospora zeae sp.nov.,a novel endophytic actinomycete isolated from corn root (Zea mays L.)[J].The Journal of Antibiotics,2014,67(11):739-743.
[35]
TeutschbeinJ, AlbrechtD, PötschM,et al .Proteome profiling and functional classification of intracellular proteins from conidia of the human-pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus [J].Journal of Proteome Research,2010,9(7):3427-3442.
DongJ G, LiZ P, LiB H,et al .Component analysis of HT-toxin from Rhizoctonia solani [J].Acta Phytopathologica Sinica,1996,26(2):44-49.
[38]
YokaP, AlbertiniL. Enzymatic and toxic activities of Helminthosporium turcicum Pass., parasite of maize [J]. Biology, Agricultural and Food Sciences, 1975.