Objective The complexity of farmland environment poses severe challenges to the path tracking accuracy of crawler harvesters. To improve the path tracking performance of harvesters in field operations and reduce tracking deviation, this study proposed a full-field path tracking method for crawler harvesters based on an improved fish swarm algorithm. Methods According to the structural characteristics of the crawler harvester, its operation process was simplified into a two-dimensional plane motion form. By combining global and local coordinate transformations,a mathematical model of the harvester's motion trajectory was constructed, and a motion model of the crawler harvester's full-field operation at adjacent times was further established. Then, based on different operating states, the harvester's forward-looking distance was taken as a key parameter to determine the gain coefficient,thereby obtaining its real-time control variables. To optimize the path tracking effect,a particle filter algorithm was introduced to improve the fish swarm algorithm, and a target function was constructed accordingly. During the target solving process, continuous iteration and optimization of the algorithm achieved precise path tracking of the harvester. Results After multiple experimental verifications, the proposed method demonstrates good tracking performance under different initial deviation points. Using this method, the average response time for path tracking was 0.52 seconds, the minimum turning radius was 5.0 meters, the average deviation is 0.8 meters, and the minimum deviation was 0.5 meters, which was basically consistent with the set route. This result fully demonstrated the effectiveness of the design method. Conclusion In summary, the proposed full-field path tracking for crawler harvester based on an improved fish swarm algorithm can accurately track the harvester in complex farmland environment with good tracking effects and wide application value.
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