芪松楂散对Wistar大鼠的毒性试验
杨裕 , 王灵芝 , 高美琪 , 马晋东 , 关文超 , 贾永鑫 , 崔小珍
山西农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03) : 76 -84.
芪松楂散对Wistar大鼠的毒性试验
Toxicity test of Qisongzha powder in Wistar rats
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目的 研究芪松楂散长期添加对动物是否具有毒性作用。 方法 将80只4周龄Wistar大鼠(雌雄各半)随机分为4组,分别为高(A)、中(B)、低(C)和空白对照(D),每组20只(雌雄各半),采用拌料方式给药。A组为添加芪松楂散90 g/kg饲料,B组为添加芪松楂散45 g/kg饲料,C组为添加芪松楂散15 g/kg饲料,D组为空白对照组。按照上述添加剂量,饲喂Wistar大鼠90 d。每日对大鼠的饮水、进食情况、粪便性状、行为活动、体表特征、精神状态和死亡等情况进行观察;喂药前对大鼠进行称重,之后每30 d称重,计算总增质量;第90天各组眼眶后静脉丛采血检测血液学指标和生化指标,对以下脏器称重并计算脏器系数(脏/体比):肝、肾、脾、胸腺、睾丸、肺、心和卵巢,并对肝、肾、肺、小肠、大肠、心和脾脏器管进行病理组织学检查。 结果 与空白对照组相比,各用药组Wistar大鼠饮水、采食、粪便、运动、体表特征、精神状态和死亡均未见异常;各用药组体质量增加都极显著高于空白对照组(P<0.01);血常规指标结果显示,各用药组的雄鼠血液指标与空白对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),雌鼠90 g/kg饲料组的白细胞数显著高于空白对照组(P<0.05),雌鼠的血液指标在各用药组与空白对照组无显著差异(P>0.05);血液生化指标结果显示雄鼠和雌鼠A、B和C组的总胆固醇含量都显著(P<0.05)或极显著低于D组。其余血液生化指标均保持在正常范围内,且雌性或雄性大鼠的各组间均未发现显著差异(P>0.05);各用药组的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏、胸腺、睾丸和卵巢指数与空白对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);剖检和组织学HE染色观察结果显示,各用药组肾脏、肺脏、小肠、大肠、肝脏、心脏和脾脏眼观和显微镜观察都未见异常变化。 结论 在90天长期毒性试验中未观察到芪松楂散对大鼠有害作用,未观察到有害作用的剂量为90 g/kg。
Object The current study aimed to study whether the long-term dietary supplementation of Qisongzha powder has toxic effects on Wistar rats. Method Eighty 4-week-old Wistar rats (half male, half female) were randomly divided into four groups: high-dose (A), medium-dose (B), low-dose (C), and blank control (D) with 20 rats per group (half male, half female). The drug was administered by mixing it into feed. Group A received Qisongzha powder at 90 g/kg feed, group B at 45g/kg feed, group C at 15g/kg feed, and group D served as the blank control group. The rats were fed accordingly for 90 days. Daily observations included water intake, food consumption, fecal characteristics, behavioral activity,coat condition, mental state, and mortality. Body weight was measured before administration and every 30 days thereafter, with total weight gain calculated. On day 90, blood samples were collected from the retroorbital venous plexus of each group for hematological and biochemical analyses. The following organs were weighed to calculate organ coefficients (organ-to-body weight ration): liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, testis, lung, heart, and ovaries. Histopathological examinations were performed on the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, lung, heart, and spleen. Results Compared with the control group,no abnormalities were observed in water intake, feeding, feces,movement, coat condition, mental state, or mortality in any treatment group. Body weight gain in all treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control group(P<0.01). Hematological results showed no significant differences in male rats between control and treatment groups (P>0.05),while female rats in the 90g/kg group had statistically significant higher white blood cell counts than the control group (P<0.05). Other blood parameters in females showed no significant differences(P>0.05). Biochemical analysis revealed that total cholesterol levels in both male and female rats in group A, B, and C were significantly lower than in Group D (P<0.05). Other biochemical indicators remained within normal ranges, with no significant differences between groups. Organ indices (heart, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, thymus, testes, and ovaries) showed no significant differences compared with control group (P>0.05). Gross and histopathological (HE staining) observation showed no abnormal changes in the kidney,lungs, small intestine, large intestine, liver, heart, or spleen in any treatment group. Conclusion Long-term feeding of Qisongzha powder at doses up to 90 g/kg is safe to rats.
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