1.College of Life Science and Technology,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,China
2.Guangdong Dry Farming and Water-saving ricultural Engineering Technology Research Center/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology,Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs,South Subtropical Crop Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science,Zhanjiang 524013,China
Objective The aim of this study was to accurately assess the photosynthetic capacity of Amomum villosum and develop efficient cultivation techniques for high-quality A. villosum Varieties. Methods Two-year-old plants of A. villosum varieties‘Zhansha 11’, ‘Reke 1’, and ‘Reke 2’were used as experimental materials. Chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics at different leaf positions of the varieties were analyzed using a WALZ MINI-PAM-Ⅱ chlorophyll fluorometer.The light response curves of photosynthetic electron flow at different leaf positions were fitted using a mechanistic model of photosynthesis to reveal their photosynthetic capacity. Results Significant differences in photosynthetic intensity were observed among the upper, middle, and lower leaf positions of the same plant,with the photosynthetic rate of middle and upper leaves being significantly higher than that of lower leaves.Significant differences in photosynthetic electron transport rate and photosensitivity were also found among the varieties.The functional leaves of ‘Reke2’ exhibited the highest photosynthetic electron transport rate, light saturation point,and maximum electron transport rate,reaching 71 μmol/(m2·s),553 μmol/(m2·s),and 39.89 μmol/(m2·s), respectively. These values were 12.70%, 21.30%, and 49.71% higher than those of ‘Reke1’, and 10.17%, 28.88%, and 22.61% higher than those of ‘Zhansha 11’. Additionally, the average chlorophyll content of all leaves in ‘Reke 2’ was significantly higher than that of the other two varieties, being 2.46% and 18.77% higher than that of ‘Zhansha 11’ and ‘Reke 1’, respectively. In terms of fresh fruit yield, ‘Reke 1’had the highest yield, followed by ‘Zhansha 11’,while‘Reke 2’had the lowest yield. ‘Reke 1’ also exhibited the highest volatile oil content and bornyl acetate content,indicating the best quality. Conclusion The middle and upper leaves of A. villosum are the main functional leaves of the plant and can be used as representative leaves for evaluating photosynthesis ability. The photosynthetic capacity varies among different varieties, with ‘Reke 2’ having the highest photosynthetic capacity, followed by ‘Zhansha 11’, and ‘Reke 1’having the lowest.
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