覆膜穴播在麦类作物生产中应用的研究进展
唐建昭 , 柏会子 , 张新军 , 曹丽霞 , 黄鑫亮 , 王振宇 , 温进玉 , 牛秀芬 , 郭风华 , 周海涛
山西农业大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (03) : 1 -9.
覆膜穴播在麦类作物生产中应用的研究进展
Research progress on the application of plastic film mulching with hole-sowing in wheat crops production
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覆膜穴播技术具有适应范围广、增产幅度大、经济效益高等特点,对保障粮食安全具有重要意义。本文系统综述了覆膜穴播技术在麦类作物生产中应用的发展历程、增产机理及发展前景。近几十年来覆膜穴播技术经历试验-改良-成熟3个阶段,研究内容从增产效果量化转变为增产机理揭示,研究层次从农田宏观结构逐渐深入至作物微观层面。覆膜穴播技术起源于20世纪60年代,于20世纪70年代末引入中国;20世纪80年代是覆膜穴播技术快速发展阶段,该时期覆膜穴播技术的研究主要集中在技术层面的改良;20世纪90年代覆膜穴播技术逐渐完善,同时该阶段在麦类作物生产中得到应用,该时期开始探索覆膜穴播技术增产机理,如应用该技术显著增加麦类作物有效分蘖、成穗数和穗粒数;进入21世纪后,覆膜穴播技术广泛应用,同时其增产机理进一步明确,覆膜穴播技术主要通过改善植株生长状况、提高土壤水分含量、优化群体结构和提升群体光合效率等方面提升作物产量。尽管覆膜穴播技术在麦类作物生产中得到广泛应用,但其在极端环境中的应用效果有待进一步评价;其次,该技术使用过程复杂繁琐,对人工素质要求高,缺乏统一标准;此外,覆膜穴播技术缺乏种植模型,无法动态高效评价单一参数变化对整体的影响。未来,应基于区域差异和生产目标,重点开展以下三方面研究:第一,评价覆膜穴播技术在极端环境中的应用效果;第二,利用区域试验大数据,开展与品种、施肥和灌溉的耦合研究;第三,改善地膜材料,降低环境污染和资源浪费。该研究为覆膜穴播在麦类作物生产应用中提供科学参考,在提高麦类作物产量和保障粮食安全方面具有重要意义。
The plastic film mulching with hole-sowing technique is characterized by its wide adaptability,significant yield increase, and high economic benefits,playing a crucial role in ensuring food security. This paper systematically reviewed the development history, yield-increasing mechanisms, and future prospects of this technology in wheat crop production. Over the past few decades, the technique has evolved through three stages: experimentation, improvement, and maturity,with research shifting from quantifying yield effects to uncovering underlying mechanisms and progressing from macro-field structures to micro-crop level. The technology originated in the 1960s and was introduced to China in the late 1970s. The 1980s marked a rapid development stage,with research primarily focused on technical refinements. By the 1990s, the technique became more refined and was applied in wheat production,with studies beginning to explore its yield-increasing mechanisms, such as significantly increasing effective tillers, spike numbers, and grain per spike. Since the 21st century, the technology has been widely used, and its yield-increasing mechanisms have been further clarified, including improved plant growth, increased soil moisture retention, optimized population structure, and improved photosynthetic efficiency. Despite its widely used, the effectiveness of plastic film mulching with hole-sowing in extreme environments requires further evaluation. Additionally, the technique involves complex and labor-intensive processes with high skill requirements and lacks standardized protocols. Furthermore, the absence of a planting model limits dynamic and efficient assessment of how individual parameter changes affect overall performance. Future research should focus on the three key areas based on regional differences and production goals: 1) Evaluating the technology’s performance in extreme environments; 2) leveraging large-scale regional trial data to study its interactions with crop varieties, fertilization, and irrigation; 3) improving film materials to reduce environmental pollution and resources waste. This study provides a scientific reference for the application of film mulching with hole sowing technology in wheat crops production, offering significant implications for improving wheat crops yields and ensuring food security.
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