Objective The purpose of the current research was to explore the induced resistance of polysaccharide extract EPS66A from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces changanensis HL-66 against apple mosaic disease and to provide a scientific basis for the development of plant immune inducers to control plant diseases. Methods The preparation and quality evaluation of EPS66A aqueous solution were conducted according to national standards. Field efficacy trials were conducted to assess its control effect on apple mosaic disease. Physiological and biochemical indicators, such as antioxidant enzyme activities, were measured,and the expression levels of disease resistance-related genes were analyzed. Results The optimal formulation of the 1% EPS66A polysaccharide aqueous solution was: 1% EPS66A polysaccharide,5% AES,1% carboxymethyl cellulose, 1% ethylene glycol, 1% B-263 defoamer, and water added to 100%. Field trial results indicated that the 200-fold dilution of the 1% EPS66A polysaccharide aqueous solution had the best control effect on apple mosaic virus disease, with a control efficacy of 73.99% at 15 days post-treatment. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the leaves increased by 47.07%, 70.34%, and 50.92%, respectively, compared to the control. The MDA content was 8.58 μmol/g,a 25.07% reduction compared to the control. qRT-PCR results showed that from 0 to 45 days after treatment with the 200-fold dilution of 1% EPS66A polysaccharide aqueous solution, the expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes (CAT, SOD, and POD), flavonoid metabolic pathway genes (PAL1 and C4H), and pathogenesis-related protein genes (PR1, PR10a, and PR10b) in apple leaves were upregulated. Conclusion The developed 1% EPS66A polysaccharide aqueous solution meets quality standards. It promoted the upregulation of disease resistance genes in apples, significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, reduced malondialdehyde content,and enhanced the disease resistance of apple plants. It is an ideal inducer for controlling apple mosaic disease.
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