1.College of Agriculture/Co-Innovation Center for Quality and Efficiency Production of Characteristic Crops in Loess Plateau,Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China
2.Yangtze River Delta Functional Agriculture (Food) Research Institute,Anhui Science and Technology University,Chuzhou 233100,China
Objective With economic development,growing public emphasis on quality of life and nutritional health has increased market demand for healthy, selenium-rich grains such as oats. Investigating the interaction effects between selenium (Se) and nitrogen (N) on oat grain amino acid composition and nutritional value could facilitate quality improvement,enabling production of Se-sufficient oats with higher protein content and superior amino acid profiles. Methods Using the oat cultivar ‘Jinyan 19’ as the test material, a field experiment employed a randomized block design in 2022 and 2023. Treatments included control group (CK, no fertilization), Se (150 g/hm2), N (240 kg/hm2), and Se+N (Se:150 g/hm2,N:240 kg/hm2). Grain protein and amino acid composition were analyzed at different post-anthesis stages to determine accumulation patterns under different fertilization treatments. Results Compared to CK,Se+N co-application increased grain protein content by 18.9%~24.7% and total amino acid content by 8.5%~48.9%,outperforming individual N or Se treatments. Among 16 detected amino acids, all except tyrosine showed highest two-year average concentrations under Se+N, followed by N application alone. Sole Se application only increased valine, tyrosine, and cystine levels. Nutritional evaluation indicated that Se+N treatment produced amino acid ratios closer to ideal protein standards,enhanced ratio analysis of amino acids (RAA) scores for multiple essential amino acids, and increased Essential Amino Acid Index (EAAI) from 0.45 to 0.66 (Year 1) and 0.68 to 0.75 (Year 2), surpassing individual treatments. This demonstrates that the Se+N co-application improved the amino acid composition in oat grains more effectively than single-element treatments. Conclusion Compared single Se or N application,Se+N treatment better enhanced grain protein content and amino acid accumulation, particularly promoting the content of limiting amino acids such as lysine, effectively optimizing the amino acid composition and protein nutritional value of 'Jinyan 19' oat grains, suggesting that Se+N co-application represents an effective agronomic strategy for quality-oriented oat production.
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