College of Agriculture/China Arid Zone Water-Saving Agriculture Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming in Northwest Loess Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100 China
Show less
文章历史+
Received
Published
2025-05-13
2025-10-31
Issue Date
2025-12-15
PDF (2235K)
摘要
目的 长期秸秆还田易因腐解不足引发土壤结构退化及环境风险。本研究基于关中平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作(麦玉轮作)农田开展秸秆全量还田试验,旨在探究施加不同剂量腐熟剂对麦玉轮作系统秸秆腐解特征及温室气体排放的影响,实现作物产量提升以及温室气体减排。 方法 于2020-2021年在陕西省杨凌示范区进行试验,采用单因素完全随机区组设计,设置腐熟剂30 kg/hm2(T1)、45 kg/hm2(T2)、60 kg/hm2(T3)、75 kg/hm2(T4)共4个处理,以不施腐熟剂(CK)为对照,通过田间试验测算温室气体的周年排放规律,剖析其对全年土壤温室气体(CO2、N2O和CH4)排放特征的影响。 结果 在还田后30、90、120和360 d时,T2的腐解率分别较CK增加30.66%、10.68%、6.95%和3.21%,其中30、90 d时腐解率显著高于CK。该区域农田土壤CO2和N2O是排放源,CH4是吸收汇。施加不同剂量腐熟剂可显著调节温室气体的排放速率与总量。与CK相比,T3处理下周年CO2和N2O累计排放量显著降低,而周年CH4累计吸收量增加2倍。此外,腐熟剂施加对麦玉轮作农田土壤周年温室气体的综合增温潜势(GWP)亦有显著影响。T2处理农田土壤周年GWP为2 107.01 kg CO2-eq/hm2,温室气体排放强度为0.11 kg CO2-eq/hm2。不同处理之间GWP表现为T4>T1>T2>CK>T3,且不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。T3处理农田土壤周年GWP最低,为1 833.20 kg CO2-eq/hm2,而温室气体排放强度在T4下达到最大,为0.13 kg CO2-eq/hm2。施加不同剂量腐熟剂对夏玉米和冬小麦产量亦有显著影响,T2的夏玉米产量最高,为12 293.78 kg/hm2,冬小麦产量为7 318.50 kg/hm2,总产量最高。 结论 综上所述,秸秆还田配施45 kg/hm2的腐熟剂可加快秸秆分解速率,显著降低周年温室气体的排放量,优化了夏玉米和冬小麦周年产量,既能兼顾环境效益,又在成本控制上更具优势。
Abstract
Objective Long-term straw incorporation can lead to impaired soil structure and environmental risks due to slow decomposition. This study, conducted on the Guanzhong Plain in a winter wheat-summer maize rotation system, investigated the effects of different decomposer application rates on straw decomposition and greenhouse gas emissions, with the goal of identifying a strategy that enhances crop yield while reducing greenhouse gas emission. Methods A field experiment was conducted in the Yangling Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province from 2020 to 2021. A single-factor, completely randomized block design was employed with four decomposer application rates: 30 kg/hm2(T1), 45 kg/hm2 (T2), 60 kg/hm2 (T3), and 75 kg/hm2 (T4), alongside a control with no decomposer (CK). Annual GHG fluxes were monitored to determine their cumulative emissions and global warming potential. Results At 30, 90, 120, and 360 days after incorporation,the straw decomposition rate under T2 was 30.66%, 10.68%, 6.95% and 3.21% higher than CK, respectively,with the increases at 30 and 90 days being statistically significant. The soil was a net source for CO2 and N2O emissions and a net sink for CH4. Decomposer application significantly regulated GHG flux. Compared to CK, the T3 treatment significantly reduced cumulative annual CO2 and N2O emissions and doubled the cumulative CH4 uptake. Decomposer application also significantly affected the annual global warming potential (GWP) of the system. The GWP across treatments ranked as T4> T1> T2> CK >T3, with significant differences (p<0.05). The T3 treatment resulted in the lowest annual GWP (1 833.2 kgCO2-eq/hm2), while T2 produced a GWP of 2 107.01 kgCO2-eq/hm2 with a GHG emission intensity of 0.11 kgCO2-eq/hm2. Crop yields were also significantly influenced. T2 yielded the highest summer maize (12 293.78 kg/hm2) and winter wheat (7 318.50 kg/hm2) production, resulting in the highest total yield. Conclusion In summary,straw incorporation combined with a decomposer at 45 kg/hm2 (T2) accelerated straw decomposition, significantly reduced annual GHG emissions, and optimized crop yields. This approach effectively balances environmental benefits with economic viability.
运用Excel 2016软件进行数据整理,运用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析,采用LSD法进行组间差异显著性比较,使用Smart PLS 3.0(University of South Alabama,美国)软件对施加不同剂量腐熟剂处理与N2O累积排放量、CH4累积排放量、周年作物产量、GWP、GHGI数据进行路径分析。利用Origin 2018进行作图。
不同剂量腐熟剂处理对作物产量、GWP、GHGI均具有显著影响(表2)。T2和T3的周年作物产量显著高于T1和T4,T2和T3的周年作物产量较CK分别增长16.66%和14.66%(P<0.05)。T2处理的夏玉米GWP较CK增加16.86%(P<0.05),T3与CK之间差异不显著。T2的周年GWP较CK增加8.96%(P<0.05),T3较CK降低5.48%(P<0.05),可见T3对GWP的影响较小。T3的GHGI最小,为0.10 kg CO2-eq/kg。T2的GHGI为0.11 kg CO2-eq/kg,与CK差异不显著。
ZhangD J, ZongJ J, MaJ H, et al. Effects of wheat-maize rotation system tillage method and enhanced organic fertilizer on soil organic carbon pool and greenhouse gas emission in maize soil[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 28(10): 1927-1935.
[3]
MelilloJ M, SteudlerP A, AberJ D, et al. Soil warming and carbon-cycle feedbacks to the climate system[J]. Science, 2002, 298(5601): 2173-2176.
[4]
HansenJ E, LacisA A. Sun and dust versus greenhouse gases: an assessment of their relative roles in global climate change[J]. Nature, 1990, 346:713-719.
LuW T, JiaZ K, ZhangP, et al. Effects of straw returning on soil labile organic carbon and enzyme activity in semi-arid areas of southern Ningxia, China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(3): 522-528.
ZhaoP, ChenF. Effects of straw mulching plus nitrogen fertilizer on nitrogen efficiency and grain yield in winter wheat[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(6): 1014-1018.
MuP, ZhangE H, WangH N, et al. Effects of continuous returning straw to maize tilth soil on chemical character and microbial biomass[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(5): 81-85.
ZhangK, ZaiS M, WuF, et al. Effects of returning wheat or corn straw on soil water infiltration[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 2022, 53(9): 35-42.
[13]
LalR. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security[J]. Science, 2004, 304(5677): 1623-1627.
[14]
StockerT, QinD, PlattnerG, et al. Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: working group I contribution to the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change[EB/OL]. [2025-08-14]
[15]
SyakilaA, KroezeC. The global nitrous oxide budget revisited[J]. Greenhouse Gas Measurement and Management, 2011, 1(1): 17-26.
[16]
NazariesL, MurrellJ C, MillardP, et al. Methane, microbes and models: fundamental understanding of the soil methane cycle for future predictions[J]. Environmental Microbiology, 2013, 15(9): 2395-2417.
ZhangD W, JiangY Z, LiuC M, et al. Effects of autumn ploughing and straw mulching on soil properties, corn growth and nutrient absorption[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 49(20): 113-119.
[19]
JacintheP A, LalR, KimbleJ M. Carbon budget and seasonal carbon dioxide emission from a central Ohio Luvisol as influenced by wheat residue amendment[J]. Soil and Tillage Research, 2002, 67(2): 147-157.
LiC F, KouZ K, ZhangZ S, et al. Effects of rape residue mulch on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration from No-tillage rice fields[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2011, 30(11): 2362-2367.
MengM, LüC W, LiY E, et al. Effect of biochar on CH4 and N2O emissions from early rice field in South China[J]. Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology, 2013, 34(4): 396-402.
LiG Y, YanZ L, LiQ, et al. Effects of straw returning with fertilizer and decomposition inoculants on soil enzyme activity and yield of winter wheat[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 45(8): 59-63.
HuC, ChenY F, QiaoY, et al. Effect of returning straw added with straw-decomposing inoculants on soil melioration in low-yielding yellow clayey soil[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2016, 22(1): 59-66.
WangX Z, YaoL J, SunX M, et al. Effects of different straw decomposing inoculants on corn stalks in wheat field of Henan Province[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 42(10): 59-62.
[32]
GuoZ Y, LiuY, MengX P, et al. The long-term nitrogen fertilizer management strategy based on straw return can improve the productivity of wheat-maize rotation system and reduce carbon emissions by increasing soil carbon and nitrogen sequestration[J]. Field Crops Research, 2024, 317: 109561.
MaX P, HuJ, LiuM, et al. Experimental study on determination of maturity of wheat straw by weight loss rate method[J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2014(4): 36, 75.
YangX Y, YeW W, ZhangL, et al. Effects of straw decomposing agent on decomposing and returning wheat straw to field[J]. Industrial Microbiology, 2020, 50(3): 30-35.
ZengL, ZhangX, ZhangS Q, et al. Characteristics of decomposition, nutrient release and structure change of wheat straw in a fluvo-aquic soil under different nitrogen application rates[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2020, 26(9): 1565-1577.
ZhangL. Effect of nitrogen application on wheat yield and nutrient release of straw returning to field in wheat-jade rotation region of Guanzhong[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2012.
ZhangY F, DingW B. Study on the application effect of straw decomposition agent in wheat straw decomposition[J]. Shanghai Agricultural Science and Technology, 2016(2): 93, 111.
ZhangH J, SunT, WangC J, et al. Effects of maize straw returning combined with a decomposition agent on soil microbial community structure and function[J]. Microbiology China, 2025, 52(9): 4078-4093.
LiF J, ShiM K, PangH F, et al. Effects of soil loosening and root promoting agent and straw decomposing inoculants on growth and yield of summer maize in lime concretion black soil[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2021, 55(2): 234-242.
ZhangD X, HanZ Q, LiD P, et al. Effects of returning maize straw into field on dynamic change of soil microbial biomass C, N and P under different promoted decay condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(10):1903-1908.
ZhouW T, LongW F, MaoY, et al. Effects of increased planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emission in double-season rice fields under water saving and simple cultivation mode[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(8): 2604-2612.
SongL N, ZhangY M, HuC S, et al. Comprehensive analysis of emissions and global warming effects of greenhouse gases in winter-wheat fields in the high-yield agro-region of North China Plain[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2013, 21(3): 297-307.
ZhuL F, XuY, ZhangZ Y, et al. Effect of different nitrogen application measures on soil greenhouse gases fluxes in winter wheat cropland[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2019, 28(1): 143-151.
GeH M, ChenL, YuY F, et al. Advances in methane emission and emission reduction in rice field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(3): 160-166.
[57]
SamouraL M .耕作方式与秸秆还田对双季稻产量和温室气体排放的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018.SamouraLM. Integrative effects of tillage and straw incorporation on crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a double rice cropping system[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2018.
WuJ L, LiuM Y, ZhaoG Q, et al. Effects of land-use types on soil organic carbon mineralization and greenhouse gas emissions in Loess tableland[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(5): 1006-1015.
ShangY Q, XieM Y, WangJ, et al. Response of soil respiration to nitrogen addition under different mulching measures in a dryland corn field[J]. Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 50(5): 711-719.
[62]
LiL F, HaoY B, ZhengZ Z, et al. Heavy rainfall in peak growing season had larger effects on soil nitrogen flux and pool than in the late season in a semiarid grassland[J]. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2022, 326: 107785.
WanX N, ZhaoK Y, WuX W, et al. Effects of stalk incorporation on soil carbon sequestration, nitrous oxide emissions, and global warming potential of a winter wheat-summer maize field in Guanzhong Plain[J]. Environmental Science, 2022, 43(1): 569-576.
[65]
LiH, DaiM W, DaiS L, et al. Current status and environment impact of direct straw return in China’s cropland–A review[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2018, 159: 293-300.
[66]
ZhengJ, FanJ L, ZhangF C, et al. Interactive effects of mulching practice and nitrogen rate on grain yield, water productivity, fertilizer use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of rainfed summer maize in northwest China[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2021, 248: 106778.
XiaoJ B. Regulation effect of straw decomposition agent dosage on wheat straw decomposition and soil greenhouse gas emission[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2022.