1.State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment of Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan,250100
2.National Technological Innovation Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-Alkali Land,Dongying,257345
3.School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University,Jinan 250100
4.Jinan Yutai Resources Utilization Technology Development Co. ,Ltd. ,Jinan,251614
Objective The coastal saline-alkali land in the Yellow River Delta suffer from low productivity due to poor soil structure and high salinity,which challenges China's strategic goals for farmland preservation and food security. This study aimed to identify effective soil amendments, assess their individual and combined effects on soil improvement,and explore integrated technical measures suitable for rehabilitating these coastal saline-alkali lands, thereby providing technical support for the “Storing Grain in Land” strategy. Methods A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 in Qingfu Community, Liutuan Town, Changyi City, Shandong Province,an area cjaracterized by mild to moderate salinity within the Yellow River Delta. Employing a wheat-maize rotation system, the experiment used optimized fertilization (OPT) as a baseline and tested it in combination with four soil amendments: nitro-humic acid, micro-mineral powder, phosphogypsum, and polyacrylamide. A total of eight treatments were established, with conventional fertilization (FP)serving as the control. After two consecutive years of amendment application, differences in topsoil quality and crop yield were analyzed using the soil quality index (SQI) and principal component analysis (PCA)to identify the optimal treatment combination. Results Compared to the FP treatment, the OPG treatment (optimized fertilization + phosphogypsum) significantly reduced topsoil pH, total soluble salt content, Mg2+ content, Na+ content, and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) by 6.65%, 39.35%, 44.70%, 96.30%, and 96.22%, respectively. Although the OSR2 treatment (optimized fertilization + split application of micro-mineral powder) only significantly reduced the total soluble salt content,it achieved the highest soil quality index (SQI)of 0.67 and the top comprehensive score in the principal component analysis. Furthermore, OSR2 resulted in a significantly increase by 10.78% in the average annual yield. Conclusion The application of mineral powder as a base fertilizer during the wheat and corn seasons, combined with optimized fertilization, proved to be the most effective comprehensive improvement measure in this study. However, the relatively high Na+ content and SAR value in the topsoil under this treatment indicated a persistent risk of salinization-alkalization. Future research should explore its combination with phosphogypsum to further enhance the amelioration effect.
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