全球视野下的中国儿童肥胖流行现状及干预策略

Epidemic status and intervention strategies of childhood obesity in China from a global perspective

摘要

在全球儿童肥胖持续攀升的背景下,中国作为儿童人口占全球12.4%的国家,其肥胖问题不仅关乎国民健康,更对全球肥胖治理具有重要指标意义。本文基于《2026年世界肥胖报告:儿童肥胖(第2版)》及国内外最新研究数据,从全球比较视角系统分析中国儿童肥胖的现状、成因及防控挑战,旨在提出切实可行的干预策略。研究发现,2025年中国5～19岁超重肥胖儿童达6 200万、肥胖儿童3 300万,均居全球第一,且呈现“城市趋稳、农村快增”的高位平台期特征。儿童期肥胖已导致代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病(MASLD)、高血压、高血糖等慢性病早期征兆大量出现,并具有显著的代际传递效应。学业驱动下的静坐少动、传统饮食模式瓦解与现代高糖高脂食品泛滥并存,以及传统观念下的孕产习俗,共同推动了肥胖的流行。中国儿童肥胖防控面临存量巨大与增量不减的规模与增速错配、传统生活方式与现代环境的撕裂以及政策体系完善与基层执行能力之间的鸿沟等多重挑战。未来中国需在借鉴国际经验基础上,构建精准、分层、多部门协同的防控体系,重塑健康生活方式环境,走出一条符合国情的儿童肥胖治理路径。

Abstract

Against the backdrop of the persistently rising global prevalence of childhood obesity, China — home to 12.4% of the world's child population — faces an obesity epidemic that not only affects national health but also holds critical implications for global obesity governance. Based on the World Obesity Report 2026: Childhood Obesity (2nd Edition) and the latest domestic and international research data, this study systematically analyzes the current circumstances, determinants and challenges of childhood obesity in China from a global comparative perspective, and aims to propose practical and feasible prevention strategies. The findings reveal that in 2025, China had 62 million children and adolescents aged 5-19 years with overweight or obesity, including 33 million with obesity, ranking first globally. The epidemic was characterized by a high-plateau phase, with a stabilizing trend in urban areas and a rapid increase in rural regions. Childhood obesity has led to a substantial emergence of early-stage chronic diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease, hypertension and hyperglycemia, and exhibits significant intergenerational transmission effects. Regarding determinants, the obesity epidemic is driven by a combination of factors, including sedentary behavior driven by academic pressure, the erosion of traditional dietary patterns alongside the proliferation of modern high-sugar and high-fat foods, and maternal and infant feeding practices that blend traditional customs with modern influences. China faces multiple challenges in childhood obesity prevention and control, including a mismatch between the large existing burden and continued rapid growth, the clash between traditional lifestyles and modern environments, and the gap between well-established policy frameworks and grassroots implementation capacity. Looking ahead, China must build a precise, multi-tiered, and cross-sector collaborative prevention and control system and an environment for healthy lifestyle based on international experience, forging a path for childhood obesity governance that aligns with its national context.

关键词

儿童肥胖 / 流行现状 / 中国 / 全球比较 / 防控挑战 / 干预策略

Key words

childhood obesity / epidemic status / China / global comparison / challenges for prevention and control / intervention strategy

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