中学生心理健康素养发展特点及影响因素

Characteristics and influencing factors of middle-school students' mental health literacy

摘要

目的 了解青少年心理健康素养的特点及影响因素,为制定和实施提升青少年心理健康素养的干预策略提供参考依据。方法 采用中学生心理健康素养问卷、简明症状量表、殷盛感量表和青少年正念量表对甘肃省甘南地区的中学生进行问卷调查。结果 在5点计分标准下,青少年群体的心理健康素养总分为(3.538±0.548)分,高达87.3%的被试得分超过3分,表明该群体具备较好的心理健康素养基础。心理健康素养总分和各维度得分均是走读生高于寄宿生,在知识理解维度上存在统计学差异(t=2.347,P=0.020)；来自城镇的青少年被试的得分均高于来自农村的青少年被试,在心理健康素养总分(t=2.105,P=0.037)以及知识理解(t=2.132,P=0.034)和批判性行为维度(t=2.549,P=0.012)上存在统计学差异。青少年心理健康素养得分在性别和是否独生子女上的差异均无统计学意义。青少年心理健康素养水平与心理幸福感(r=0.468,P＜0.01)和正念水平(r=0.181,P＜0.05)呈正相关关系；心理健康素养与心身症状(r=-0.370,P＜0.01)呈负相关关系。心理幸福感(P＜0.001)和心身症状(P＜0.05)是青少年心理健康素养的主要影响因素。结论 甘肃省甘南地区的青少年群体心理健康素养处于较高水平,青少年的心理健康素养水平越高,心理幸福感的体验越强烈,心理健康水平也越高。提高心理健康素养水平对于青少年心身全面健康发展有非常重要的理论和现实意义。

Abstract

Objective To investigate the current status and influencing factors of mental health literacy (MHL) among middle-school students, so as to provide evidence for the development and implementation of targeted interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent MHL. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among middle-school students in Gannan, Gansu Province, using the Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire for Middle School Students, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), the Flourishing Scale, and the Adolescent Mindfulness Scale. Results The overall level of mental health literacy among the adolescents was medium to high (mean=3.539, SD=0.548) in the five-point scale, with 87.3% of them scoring above 3 points, which showed that this group had better mental health literacy. Day students scored significantly higher than boarding students in the knowledge understanding dimension (t=2.347, P=0.020), with a similar trend observed across all the MHL dimensions. Urban adolescents consistently outperformed their rural counterparts, showing significant differences in total MHL score (t=2.105, P=0.037), knowledge understanding (t=2.132, P=0.034), and critical behavioral dimensions (t=2.549, P=0.012). No significant difference in MHL was found by gender or only-child status. The adolescents' MHL was positively correlated with psychological well-being (r=0.468, P＜0.01) and mindfulness (r=0.181, P＜0.05), but negatively correlated with psychosomatic symptoms (r=-0.370, P＜0.01). Regression analysis indicated that psychological well-being (P＜0.001) and psychosomatic symptoms (P＜0.05) were the primary predictors of MHL. Conclusion Adolescents in Gannan, Gansu Province, demonstrate a relatively high level of mental health literacy. Higher MHL is associated with greater psychological well-being and better mental health outcomes. Enhancing MHL holds significant theoretical and practical value for promoting the holistic development of adolescents.

关键词

中学生 / 心理健康素养 / 发展特点 / 影响因素

Key words

middle-school student / mental health literacy / developmental characteristic / influencing factor

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基金资助

陕西省社科基金资助项目(2021F018)

陕西省创新能力支撑计划资助项目(2025KG-YBXM-104)