School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2018-08-31
2020-06-24
Issue Date
2026-07-23
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摘要
基于等腰劈光学等倾干涉原理,利用CMOS(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,互补金属氧化物半导体)图像传感器,设计了一种可测量流体折射率微小变化的传感器系统。该系统使用具有高频率像素时钟的CMOS图像传感器对等腰劈中出射光信号进行测量,将携带信息的光信号转换成电信号,再经过一块现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array,FPGA)芯片采集数字图像,通过极值计数法处理数据获得光学信息,从而计算流体折射率微变量。该传感器系统的理论测量精度达2.75×10-6,可应用于大气测量和材料研究等领域。
Abstract
Based on the equal inclination interference in an isosceles triangular wedge, a sensing system that can measure the micro-change of the refractive index of the fluid is designed by using CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) image sensor. The system uses a high-frequency pixel clock CMOS image sensor to measure the outgoing light signal from the isosceles triangular wedge, converts the optical signal carrying information into an electrical signal, collects digital images through a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip, and obtains optical information by processing data through extreme value counting, thereby calculating the micro-change of the refractive index of fluid. The theoretical measurement accuracy of the sensing system can reach 2.75×10-6, which can be applied to fields of atmospheric measurement and materials research.
本文设计的系统硬件结构如图2所示。整个测量系统由等腰劈等倾干涉装置、CMOS图像传感器OV7670、FPGA控制电路装置(含FPGA及两片SRAM(static random access memory,静态随机存储器))、显示装置(计算机)组成。本节主要介绍除等腰劈等倾干涉装置外,构成本文系统的其他硬件。
系统主要通过FPGA驱动OV7670传感器工作,以完成图像数据的采集,同时完成对两片 SRAM(SRAM(A)和SRAM(B))“乒乓模式”的读写操作,并完成数据处理和传输。系统的硬件连接框图如图3所示,主要是OV7670和FPGA的连接。其中,DATA[7:0]为8位数据传输接口,SIO_D和SIO_C为SCCB(serial camera control bus,串行摄像头控制总线)接口,VSYNC、HREF分别为OV7670的帧同步信号和水平同步信号,XCLK为OV7670的系统输入时钟,SDA是SIO_D的数据接口,SCL是SIO_C的时钟接口。
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