Based on daily precipitation time series recorded at 63 meteorological stations over the period 1970—2015 in the Hanjiang River Basin, the change of precipitation heterogeneity in the Basin was analyzed combined with the index of precipitation concentration degree (PCD), precipitation concentration period (PCP) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF), and the analysis of change trend. Meanwhile, the response characteristics of precipitation heterogeneity to the regional climate warming and the change of East Asian monsoon intensity were discussed by using the wavelet transform cherence (WTC) method. The results show that: 1) the precipitation of the Hanjiang River Basin shows the non-linear trend from 1970 to 2015. Both PCD and PCP of the Basin are characterized by the interannual fluctuation, and the fluctuation range of PCD is 0.35-0.60, and PCP is in July;2) the first mode of PCD in the Hanjiang River Basin is consistent, which shows that the response of PCD to the climate in the whole basin is synchronous. The dominant mode of PCP exhibits “east-west anomaly”, that is, PCP in the eastern part of the Hanjiang River Basin is delayed (earlier), and the western part is earlier (delayed);3) from 1990 to 2008, in the short-period scale of 2-4 years, the stronger the East Asian monsoon, the more uniform the time distribution of the precipitation in the Hanjiang River Basin. From 1999 to 2009, in the short-period scale of 2-3 years, the greater the annual precipitation in the basin was, the more concentrated the time distribution of the precipitation in the Basin was. From 1985 to 1993, in a period scale of 3-5 years, the response of precipitation PCP to temperature was advanced.
降水时空分配不均是中国旱涝灾害频繁发生的直接原因之一,主要表现为:当降水量在时间上过于集中时,集中时段易发生洪涝,其余时段易发生干旱;当降水量在空间上过于集中时,集中地区易发生洪涝,其余地区易发生干旱[1~3]。20世纪60年代之后,我国东部夏季降水随着东亚季风的强弱变化出现“北多南少-南涝北旱-北方渐增”的转变[4],表明我国东部区域降水特征及其对气候变化的响应发生改变。汉江流域(Hanjiang River Basin)位于我国中东部地区,是中国重要的生态保护屏障,也是南水北调中线工程水源地[5]。但由于降水时空不均匀引发洪涝灾害,制约了汉江流域的可持续发展[6]。因此,汉江流域降水非均匀性特征研究,对构建区域综合风险防范体系具有重要的现实意义。
式中,PCD i 与PCP i 分别表示第i年的年内降水集中度与集中期,i表示年份,j表示旬序,Ri 表示年内总降水量,rij (mm)为第i年第j旬内的降水量;θj = 360(j-1)/36,为各旬所对应的矢量角度。由(1)式可知,PCD i 取值在0~1之间,PCD i 越接近于1,则表示汉江流域年内降水集中在某一旬;PCD i 越接近于0,表示汉江流域年内降水均匀分布在每个旬。PCP i 为合成向量的方位角,反映汉江流域最大降水量所处的时间[10]。
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