With metronidazole (MI) as a hypoxia-responsive component, a step-by-step synthesis method was used to prepare magnetic graphene oxide-metronidazole (MGO-MI) nanocomposites. Moreover, the characterizations of the nanocomposites were conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Subsequently, the obtained MGO-MI nanocomposites were co-cultured with two kinds of non-small cell lung cancer cells (H1975 and A549) to evaluate the cytotoxicity, hypoxia sensitivity and radiation enhancement effect of the nanocomposites at the biological cell level. The results show that under normoxia conditions, the cytotoxicity of the nanocomposites to both cells in a certain concentration range (0~100 μg/mL) is slight, while it is significantly increased under hypoxia conditions. In addition, the nanocomposites can also effectively enhance the suppression effect of X-ray on both cells, significantly improve the efficiency of radiation, and is expected to be used in clinical chemoradiotherapy of hypoxic cancer cells.
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