College of Chemistry and Materials Science,South-Central University for Nationalities/Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China
CA125 is a common biomarker for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Herein, a molecular beacon sensor for CA125 detection was fabricated based on fluorescent resonance energy transfer(FRET)strategy, in which UCNPs (upconversion nanoparticles)and FAM were employed as energy donor and energy acceptor, respectively. The two components were linked by a hairpin DNA containing CA125 aptamer sequence. The upconversion luminescence(UCL)of UCNPs was quenched with a degree of 83% in an effective FRET process. The strong interaction between CA125 and the aptamer sequence broke the hairpin structure, resulting in the prohibition of FRET and recovery of UCL. The UCL intensity increased linearly with the logarithm of CA125 concentration in the range of 0.02-100 U/mL, with a detection limit of 0.017 U/mL. The fluorescence system possesses excellent sensitivity, selectivity and stability, and can be successfully applied for determining CA125 in human serum, thus shows promising applications for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
基于荧光共振能量转移(fluorescence resonance energy transfer,FRET)策略的荧光探针是一种操作简单的均相荧光分析技术,检测过程不需样品预处理,可直接进行血清内生物组分的定量分析[8~14]。待测目标物与探针反应后抑制或促进FRET过程引起探针荧光信号增强或减弱,进而可根据荧光强度变化计算出目标物浓度。其中,荧光增强型FRET探针具有更高的灵敏度,用于CA125分析将具有重要价值[15]。然而,常用FRET荧光分析体系多采用可见光激发的荧光材料为能量供体。在可见光激发下,生物样品会产生较强的自发荧光,对检测结果带来显著干扰[16]。镧系元素掺杂上转换纳米粒子(UCNPs)可以连续吸收两个或多个近红外光子,发射反-Stokes荧光(即上转换荧光)[17~22]。由于其激发光位于近红外区域,可有效避免来自生物样品自发荧光的干扰,在生物分析领域具有独特的优势[23~29]。
利用PAA-UCNPs表面—COOH与FAM-Apt-NH2末端—NH2之间的酰胺化反应,可实现两者间耦联。图5 A 显示,FAM-Apt-UCNPs的紫外-可见吸收光谱在260 nm及488 nm处存在两个明显的吸收峰,分别对应于FAM-Apt-NH2中的DNA链与FAM的吸收,证明探针耦联成功。FAM-Apt-NH2的发卡结构拉近UCNPs与FAM的距离,促使FRET过程发生。由图5B可知,PAA-UCNPs与FAM-Apt-NH2连接后,上转换荧光强度显著降低,根据公式(1)[31]可以计算出其猝灭效率QE高达83%。
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