Research on Traceablility of Geographic Origin for Myrica rubra from Zhejiang Province by 87Sr/86Sr Isotope Ratios Using Thermal-Ionization Mass Spectrometry
The 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of Myrica rubra in three main producing areas (Cixi, Yuyao and Xianju) of Zhejiang Province were determined by thermal-ionization mass spectrometry, and the purification procedure of strontium was optimized. The 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios were statistically analyzed. The results show that 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in Myrica rubra fruits from three main producing areas of Zhejiang Province are in normal distribution,among which the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of Yuyao were the highest, and the 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of Xianju were the lowest. The isotope ratios 87Sr/86Sr from different parts of Myrica rubra are positively correlated. There are significant differences in 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios of Myrica rubra fruit from three main producing areas in Zhejiang Province. Therefore,the 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio in Myrica rubra from Zhejiang Province can be used to trace the geographic origin.
食品、农产品产地同位素指纹溯源技术是在同位素自然分馏原理的基础上发展的一项新技术[4]。不同地域的农产品受产地环境、气候、地形、饲料种类及动植物代谢类型的影响,其组织内同位素的自然丰度存在差异,利用此差异可判断农产品的原产地[5]。与碳、氢、氧、氮等元素相比,农产品中的锶同位素组成受季节和气候的影响不大,建立的数据库比较稳定[6],同时,相对于其他较轻稳定同位素,锶同位素在植物生长和新陈代谢过程中,即在化学和生物学过程中,不发生明显的同位素分馏作用,其变化只与不同来源的锶混合作用有关[3],因此锶稳定同位素用于食品、农产品产地溯源技术前景广阔。目前,已有部分研究将锶同位素分析用于食品产地溯源,这些研究包括葡萄酒[7]、番茄[8]、芦笋[9]等,锶同位素比值的测定目前常用的方法有电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)[10]和多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法(multi receiver inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,MC-ICP-MS)[11],热电离质谱法(thermal-ionization mass spectrometry,TIMS)[12]等。相比ICP-MS和MC-ICP-MS检测87Sr/86Sr,TIMS具有样品使用量少、干扰少、精度高等优势。
由于87Rb和87Sr为同质异位素,会对87Sr/86Sr同位素比值测定产生干扰[13],因此有必要对消解后的样品进行纯化。锶特效树脂是选择性分离锶元素的特效树脂,在高浓度硝酸体系下,锶、铅与锶特效树脂形成络合物,其稳定系数比钾、钠、钙等高10~1 000倍,因此在高浓度硝酸体系下锶和铅不容易被洗脱下来,而在低浓度硝酸体系下,锶与锶特效树脂形成的络合物稳定系数下降,根据这一特性,可以将锶和铅与其他元素进行有效分离[14]。为此分别在如下3种条件下进行实验:1) 3 mL 5 mol/L硝酸淋洗+7.0 mL 0.05 mol/L硝酸洗脱;2) 2 mL 3 mol/L硝酸淋洗+8.0 mL 0.03 mol/L硝酸洗脱;3) 3 mL 3 mol/L硝酸淋洗+7.0 mL 0.03 mol/L硝酸洗脱。
由图1(a)~(c)可见,除钡、锶、铅元素外,其他多数金属元素能在高浓度硝酸淋洗液使用3 mL时被洗脱,低浓度硝酸洗脱液使用量为7 mL时锶元素被完全洗脱;铅元素则在图1(a)~(c)中所有淋洗条件下,均可在锶元素之后被洗脱;钡元素则与锶元素被同时洗脱,这主要是由于锶和钡是同主族元素,性质较为接近。在图1(c)所采用的实验条件下,锶元素在淋洗/洗脱液中相对浓度更高,说明其纯度更优,因此选择3 mL 3 mol/L硝酸淋洗+7.0 mL 0.03 mol/L硝酸洗脱为优化的纯化条件。
由于TIMS测定87Sr/86Sr同位素比值时,热电离温度对同位素具有歧视效应,且样本的均一性对检测结果有显著影响,因此对TIMS测定87Sr/86Sr同位素比值进行了精密度分析,以相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)表征检测方法的精密度,RSD按(1)式进行计算,结果见表2。
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