We present numerical inverse-iterative result for the ground state and the low-lying excitations and corresponding eigen-energies for the frustrated Spin-J1-J2 Square Heisenberg Antiferromagnet. Using exact diagonalization and orthogonal wave-operator in the subspace of total spin, we obtain the common eigen-states among Hamiltonian , total spin number , and its z-component . Using level crossing and dimerization operator, we analyze the quantum phase transition point in the intermediate region, and discuss spin liquid regime as well. As revealed by the result, in the metric of dimensionless parameter , the nonmagnetic phase spreads in , of which on the left and right sides are Neel and stripe phases for and , respectively. The low-lying level crossing between the spin singlet and triplet separates the intermediate region as two regimes and . Doubly degenerated spin singlets present in the low-lying excitations for . Further, we use dimerization operator to analyze the characteristics of spin liquid in this regime.
MANOUSAKISE. The spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on a square lattice and its application to the cuprous oxides [J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 1991, 63(1): 1. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.63.1 .
[2]
KNOLLEJ, MOESSNERR. A field guide to spin liquids[J]. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 2019, 10: 451-472. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031218-013401 .
[3]
HUANGC Y, LINF L. Topological order and degenerate singular value spectrum in two-dimensional dimerized quantum Heisenberg model [J]. Physical Review B, 2011, 84(12): 125110. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.125110 .
[4]
MORITAS, KANEKOR, IMADAM. Quantum spin liquid in spin 1/2 J1-J2 Heisenberg model on square lattice: Many-variable variational monte carlo study combined with quantum-number projections [J]. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2015, 84(2): 024720. DOI: 10.7566/JPSJ.84.024720 .
[5]
JIANGH C, YAOH, BALENTSL. Spin liquid ground state of the spin-1/2 square J1-J2 Heisenberg model [J]. Physical Review B, 2012, 86(2): 024424. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.86.024424 .
[6]
CAPRIOTTIL, SORELLAS. Spontaneous plaquette dimerization in the J1-J2 Heisenberg model [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(14): 3173. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.3173 .
[7]
DAGOTTOE, MOREOA. Exact diagonalization study of the frustrated Heisenberg model: A new disordered phase [J]. Physical Review B, 1989, 39(7): 4744. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4744 .
[8]
MAMBRINIM, LÄUCHLIA, PoilblancD, et al. Plaquette valence-bond crystal in the frustrated Heisenberg quantum antiferromagnet on the square lattice [J]. Physical Review B, 2006, 74(14): 144422. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.144422 .
[9]
DAGOTTOE, MOREOA. Phase diagram of the frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in 2 dimensions [J]. Physical Review Letters, 1989, 63(19): 2148. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.2148 .
[10]
SCHULZH J, ZIMANT A L. Finite-size scaling for the two-dimensional frustrated quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet [J]. Europhysics Letters, 1992, 18(4): 355. DOI:10.1209/0295-5075/18/4/013/pdf .
[11]
RETZLAFFK, RICHTERJ, IVANOVN B. Analysis of the ground-state wave function of the J1-J2 quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnet [J]. Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter, 1993, 93(1): 21-31. DOI: 10.1007/bf01308803 .
[12]
DARRADIR, DERZHKOO, ZINKER, et al. Ground state phases of the spin-1/2 J1-J2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice: A high-order coupled cluster treatment [J]. Physical Review B, 2008, 78(21): 214415. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214415 .
[13]
ISAEVL, ORTIZG, DUKELSKYJ. Hierarchical mean-field approach to the J1-J2 Heisenberg model on a square lattice [J]. Physical Review B, 2009, 79(2): 024409. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.024409 .
[14]
RICHTERJ, SCHULENBURGJ. The spin-1/2 J1-J2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the square lattice: Exact diagonalization for N= 40 spins [J]. The European Physical Journal B, 2010, 73(1): 117-124. DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2009-00400-4 .
[15]
RICHTERJ, DARRADIR, SCHULENBURGJ, et al. Frustrated spin-1/2 J1-J2 Heisenberg ferromagnet on the square lattice studied via exact diagonalization and coupled-cluster method [J]. Physical Review B, 2010, 81(17): 174429. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.174429 .
[16]
RICHTERJ, ZINKER, FARNELLD J. The spin-1/2 square-lattice J1-J2 model: The spin-gap issue [J]. The European Physical Journal B, 2015, 88(1): 1-6. DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2014-50589-x .
[17]
WANGL, SANDVIKA W. Critical level crossings and gapless spin liquid in the square-lattice spin-1/2 J1-J2 heisenberg antiferromagnet [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2018, 121(10): 107202. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.107202 .
YOUW L, LIY W, GUS J. Fidelity, dynamic structure factor, and susceptibility in critical phenomena [J]. Physical Review E, 2007, 76(2): 022101. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.022101 .
[20]
QINJ, JIE Q, FANZ. An efficient implementation of the hierarchical mean-field theory with large block [J]. The European Physical Journal B, 2014, 87(12): 1-8. DOI: 10.1140/epjb/e2014-50054-0 .
[21]
FANZ, JIE Q. Cluster density matrix embedding theory for quantum spin systems [J]. Physical Review B, 2015, 91(19): 195118. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.195118 .