Key management is one of the most challenging security issues faced by wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor nodes have limited computing and storage capabilities. How to find a balance between connectivity, energy consumption and security is a hot issue. This paper proposes a key management scheme for wireless sensor networks in a ring area. The scheme divides the area where the wireless sensor is located into a ring area, adopts a hierarchical network structure, subdivides the ring area, and hides the cluster head by using the data packet format and the broadcast characteristics of the sensor node. In the initialization phase of the scheme, the inter-cluster and intra-cluster keys are constructed and the keys are updated. The key distribution scheme based on the binary symmetric polynomial and the key distribution scheme based on the Chinese remainder theorem are used to realize the inter-cluster and intra-cluster key communication; in the execution phase, operations such as cluster head replacement, node exit, and node addition are performed. Experimental results show that, compared with the existing scheme, this scheme balances the contradictory relationship between connectivity, energy consumption and security, has higher security and effectiveness, and also has lower energy consumption.
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