针对现有两层无线传感器网络隐私保护范围查询协议存在数据安全低、感知节点通信能耗较高,且较少针对多维数据的问题,提出了一种基于交叉0-1编码和质数融合的两层无线传感器网络隐私保护范围查询协议。在数据提交阶段,感知节点采集多维数据并根据属性维度分组,采用交叉0-1编码、质数融合等方法优化比较因子的计算方式,用AES算法构建加密约束链,提高数据安全性,降低计算和通信能耗。在查询处理阶段,Sink节点对查询范围值采用交叉0-1编码和质数融合操作产生比较因子,将查询单元格与比较因子作为查询指令送至存储节点;存储节点根据交叉0-1编码比较规则将采集数据与查询范围值的比较因子比较,完成多维数据范围查询,结果发送给Sink节点。在结果验证阶段,Sink节点根据多维加密约束链中的采集周期时间和特性,验证查询结果的真实性完整性。在实验部分,采用Cortex-M4和Cortex-A9内核开发板实现协议内容,验证了数据提交、隐私数据查询、隐私数据查询结果真实性和完整性验证等功能。通过对本文协议与CSRQ(communication-efficient secure range queries)协议在感知节点通信能耗数据的实验结果对比,表明在同等实验环境下本文协议的通信能耗比CSRQ协议低20%左右。
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of the existing two-tiered wireless sensor network privacy protection range query protocol such as low data security, high communication energy consumption of sensor nodes, and less research for multidimensional data, a two-tiered wireless sensor network privacy protection range query protocol based on cross 0-1 encoding and prime number fusion is proposed: in the data submission stage, the sensor nodes collect multi-dimensional data and group according to attribute dimensions, and adopt cross 0-1 encoding, prime number fusion and other methods to optimize the calculation of the comparison factor, and utilize AES algorithm to construct the encryption constraint chain to improve data security and reduce computing and communication energy consumption; In the query processing stage, the Sink node uses cross 0-1 encoding and prime number fusion to generate comparison factor for the query range value, and sends the query cell and comparison factor to the storage node as query instructions; the storage node compares the collected data with the comparison factor of the query range value according to the cross 0-1 encoding comparison rule, and completes the multi-dimensional data range query, and sends the results to the Sink node; the Sink node verifies the authenticity and integrity of the query results according to the collection cycle time in the multi-dimensional encryption constraint chain and its characteristics. In the experiment, Cortex-M4 and Cortex-A9 kernel development board are used to implement the protocol content, and the functions of data submission, private data query, and authenticity and integrity verification of private data query results are verified. By comparing the experimental results of the communication energy consumption data between the protocol in this paper and the CSRQ (communication-efficient secure range queries) protocol in the sensor node, it is shown that the communication energy consumption of the new protocol is about 20% lower than that of the CSRQ protocol under the same experimental environment.
2) 基于安全比较的安全范围查询。这类方法的基本思想是感知节点对数据进行加密并生成安全比较编码,可用于比较加密数据。Chen和Liu[8]提出了一种基于前缀成员验证编码机制的SafeQ方案,实现了采集数据与查询范围的密文比较,SafeQ无需明文就可以判断对应的加密数据是否满足查询范围;为了实现对查询结果的完整性检验,他们还在数据加密过程中引入了邻域链机制,并采用Bloom-Filter降低安全比较编码的通信成本。Yi等[9]提出了一种QuerySec方案,该方案使用保序功能实现采集数据与查询范围之间的加密比较,通过将链接水印信息嵌入到加密数据块,实现对查询结果的完整性验证。Zhang等[10]提出的ESRQ(efficient and secure range query)协议也通过采用Bloom-Filter生成用于隐私保护和完整性验证的编码,实现了高效的范围查询。Zhang等[11]还对ESRQ协议进行了扩展,并对两层WSN中范围查询的合谋攻击进行研究。
Dai等[12]提出一种采用了0-1编码方式的隐私保护范围查询的协议EPRQ(energy-efficient and privacy-preserving range query),该协议通过0-1编码以及Hash消息验证技术保证数据、结果以及范围区间的隐私安全,但是并没有涉及到结果的一致性检验方面的问题。Dai等[13]还在EPRQ协议的基础上增加了一种加密约束链方法,提出了可以进行完整性检验的隐私保护范围查询协议CSRQ(communication-efficient secure range queries),不仅可以有效保护感知数据的隐私安全,还可以通过约束链机制,对查询的结果进行完整性检验。然而由于全部的感知节点和基站之间共享生成安全比较项的编码密钥,使得CSRQ协议不能够抵御感知节点的共谋攻击问题。
感知节点在上传数据之前,加密用的私钥只与Sink节点共享,攻击者很难获得感知数据的实际值。本文使用的质数融合技术使攻击者仅能根据加密数据集中的质数乘积估算数据的实际值,而攻击者获取交叉编码并将其转换为对应质数的可能性仅有1/(2 n +1)(其中n为感知数据的二进制的位数),同时每个周期内,进行质数融合机制的质数库也是动态变化的,这使得通过计算得到感知数据实际值的可能性极低。因此本论文的方案能够较好地保证感知数据的隐私安全性。
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