Multi-Attribute Decision-Making and k-Means Clustering Based Relay Selection Method for Vehicular Safety Messages Dissemination
Lei NIE1, 2, Tuo YANG1, 2, Junjie ZHANG1, 2, Libing WU3, 4
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2022-09-23
2023-10-24
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2026-07-23
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摘要
城市车载网络环境中高效的中继选择有利于保证安全消息传输的及时性和可靠性。针对现有中继选择方法在复杂交通环境下难以准确评估中继,且在车流密集场景下性能不佳的问题,提出一种基于多属性决策和k-means聚类的中继选择方法(multi-attribute decision-making and k-means clustering based relay selection,MKRS)。首先充分考虑当前转发车辆与候选中继之间的相对距离和相对速度,候选中继的接收信号强度和区域密度等4种评估指标,分别基于序关系法和熵权法计算候选中继评估指标的主、客观权重,并利用简单加权法计算其综合权重,进一步得到能够更加准确体现候选中继性能的综合效用值。在此基础上,采用基于k-means聚类和优先级-退避时间的方法选出最佳中继。实验结果表明所提MKRS与对比方法相比,在保证较好一跳距离和一跳时延的同时具有最快的传播速度。
Abstract
Efficient relay selection methods are beneficial to ensure the timeliness and reliability of safety messages dissemination in urban vehicular networks. However, it is hard for the existing vehicular safety messages relay selection methods to evaluate relays accurately in complex traffic environments, and work well in dense scenarios. Aiming at the above problems, an efficient multi-attribute decision-making and k-means clustering based relay selection method, namely MKRS, was proposed. First, it fully considered four evaluation metrics, including the relative distance and speed between the current forwarding vehicle and candidate relays, the received signal strength and area density of each candidate relay. And it calculated the subjective and objective weights of each relay’s evaluation metrics based on order relationship analysis method and entropy weighting method, respectively. Then it used a simple weighting method to obtain corresponding integrated utility values, and comprehensive utility values that can more accurately reflect the performance of candidate relays are further obtained. On this basis, the optimal relay was selected according to a k-means clustering and priority-backoff time based method. The experimental results demonstrate that when compared with the comparative methods, the proposed MKRS has the fastest propagation speed while ensuring good one-hop distance and one-hop delay.
目前,VANET主要基于LTE-V和专用短程通信(dedicated short range communication, DSRC)等技术提供车与车/车与基础设施(vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure, V2V/V2I)通信,以保证车载网络中高效的数据传输与交互。由于对时间的敏感性,安全消息需要在尽可能短的时间内成功覆盖目标区域或到达目标车辆。然而,车辆之间的通信链路并不完全可靠,且在密集交通场景下容易产生“广播风暴”[6],不利于安全消息的快速传输。如何选择中继来保证安全消息传输的及时性和可靠性成为学者们的研究重点。
通常作为中继的车辆需要与当前转发车辆保持良好的链路稳定性,同时保证尽可能远的一跳距离;链路稳定性又与车速、接收信号强度(received signal strength, RSS)和区域密度等多种评估指标有关。然而现有中继选择方法通常重点关注一跳距离,缺少对多个评估指标之间重要性关系的考虑,导致它们在复杂的交通环境中难以准确评估中继性能,并且在车流密集场景中效果不佳。
为解决上述问题,本文提出一种基于多属性决策和k-means聚类的中继选择方法(multi-attribute decision-making and k-means clustering based relay selection, MKRS)。MKRS采用基于多属性决策的方法评估候选中继的性能,综合考虑并分别基于序关系法和熵权法计算候选中继4种评估指标的主、客观权重,利用综合权重计算候选中继的综合效用值评估其性能;MKRS采用k-means聚类解决车流密集场景中的高延迟问题,当车流密集时基于k-means聚类处理性能位于前列的候选中继,并基于其优先级设置退避时间以选出最佳中继。
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