1.School of Computer Science and Technology,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China
2.Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-Time Industrial System,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China
3.School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China
4.Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University,Shenzhen 518057,Guangdong,China
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文章历史+
Received
Published
2022-09-30
2023-04-24
Issue Date
2026-07-23
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摘要
高效的网络选择方法是异构车载网络环境中保证多用户服务质量体验的关键。针对现有方法从优化车辆个体出发选择最佳接入网络,导致网络资源分配不均和部分网络拥塞的问题,提出一种基于自适应分簇和演化博弈的异构车载网络选择方法(adaptive clustering and evolutionary game based network selection method,AENS)。首先,采用自适应分簇减少直接接入网络的车辆数量,有效降低车流密集情况下的网络拥塞概率;接着,分别基于模糊层次分析法和指标相关性权重法计算候选网络属性的主、客观权重,得到更加准确评估候选网络性能的综合效用值;最后,将车辆对网络的选择抽象成基于复制动态的演化博弈模型,并引入记忆效应以加快其收敛速度,最终通过策略更新获得系统最优的网络选择策略集合。实验结果表明,在融合5G/6G的异构车载网络环境下AENS方法能够有效减少网络切换次数、提升网络吞吐量和平衡网络负载,在提高网络资源利用率的同时实现了负载均衡,且在车流密集情况下优势更为明显。
Abstract
Efficient network selection method is the key to ensure multi-user QoS experience in heterogeneous vehicular network (HVN) environment. However, existing methods usually select the optimal access network from the perspective of optimizing individual vehicles, it is easy to cause uneven distribution of network resources and lead to partial network congestion. Aiming at the above problems, an adaptive clustering and evolutionary game based network selection method for HVN, namely AENS, is proposed. First, the method adopts an adaptive clustering way to reduce the number of vehicles directly connected to the network, thereby effectively reducing the probability of network congestion under dense traffic conditions. Then, the FAHP and CRITIC methods are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of candidate network attributes respectively, so as to obtain more accurate comprehensive utility values of candidate networks. Finally, the network selection of vehicles is abstracted into an evolutionary game model based on replication dynamics, and introduce memory effects to speed up their convergence, so that they can obtain the overall optimal network selection strategy set by updating strategies. The experimental results show that in a HVN environment integrating 5G/6G communication, AENS method can effectively reduce the number of network handovers, improve the network throughput and balance the network load. It achieves load balancing while improving the utilization of network resources, and its advantage is more obvious in dense traffic.
近年来,智能交通系统(intelligent transportation system,ITS)的发展为提高道路安全提供了高度创新和实用的解决方案[1]。车载自组织网络(vehicular ad hoc network,VANET)作为物联网在智能交通领域的应用,通过车与车/车与基础设施(vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure,V2V/V2I)的信息交互,可作用于交通信号控制[2]、路径规划[3]和车载通信安全[4]等方面,能够有效减少交通拥堵和保障道路安全。
无线通信技术是实现VANET中车辆信息共享和相互协作的关键,随着移动通信技术的飞速发展,5G开启了万物互联的大门,提供了高速率、低时延和高可靠的通信[5]。6G则以5G为基石,有助于实现全球网络覆盖和万物智联[6]。鉴于单一类型的网络难以满足多样化的用户通信需求,且全面部署新型网络存在巨大的经济和时间成本,因此保留原有通信网络且融合5G/6G的异构车载网络是VANET发展的必然趋势。车辆由于高速移动性会频繁地进行网络切换来接入性能更优的网络,从而保证车载用户的服务质量(quality of service,QoS)体验;与此同时,车辆数量的快速增长会造成网络拥塞和资源紧缺问题[7]。因此,在异构车载网络环境下如何选择合适的接入网络并缓解网络拥塞是亟待解决的问题。
为获得融合5G/6G的异构车载网络中整体最优的网络选择策略集合,本文提出一种基于自适应分簇和演化博弈的网络选择方法(adaptive clustering and evolutionary game based network selection method,AENS)。该方法通过自适应分簇减少直接接入网络的车辆数量,从而有效缓解网络拥塞问题;从主、客观两方面综合评估候选网络属性权重,得到更加准确的网络综合效用值以评估网络性能;将车辆对候选网络的选择建模为一个演化博弈模型[12],结合复制动态过程和记忆效应促使系统收益最大化,有效提高网络资源利用率。
1 相关研究
异构车载网络环境下如何高效地选择接入网络是VANET领域中的研究热点之一。基于MADM的网络选择方法综合考虑网络的多种属性对其性能进行评估,为用户寻找最佳的接入网络。文献[13]提出一种基于多路径传输控制协议(multi-path transmission control protocol,MPTCP)的网络选择方法实现网络之间的无缝切换,该方法考虑包括用户移动模式在内的多个指标提高效用函数的准确性,并使用模糊层次分析法(fuzzy analytic hierarchy process,FAHP)确定各个指标的权重。文献[14]提出基于多标准的网络切换算法(multicriteria-based handover algorithm for V2I communications,V2I-MHA),根据应用程序与用户偏好设置不同的服务类型,并采用AHP计算各种服务类型的权重,提高用户满意度。文献[15]提出一种基于网络属性和用户偏好的异构网络选择方法,该方法通过FAHP和熵权法(entropy weight method,EWM)分别计算网络属性的主、客观权重,克服了权重分配时的主观性和偏差,提高了对网络性能评价的准确性。
在网络性能评估阶段,首先根据网络负载调整网络属性参数值,接着分别基于FAHP和指标相关性权重法(criteria importance through intercriteria correlation,CRITIC)计算候选网络属性参数的主、客观权重,最后基于网络属性参数的综合权重得到评估候选网络性能的综合效用值。
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