Climate change and human activities may cause change points in hydrological processes, which has serious impacts on the stability of watershed hydrological ecosystems. Based on daily streamflow data during 1961—2020 at 64 hydrological stations across the Yangtze River Basin, the Pettitt test method was used to identify change point in streamflow time series, and the generalized extreme value distribution was used to estimate the ecological water demand. The results show that: 1) due to the regulation of reservoirs and dams, ecological surplus (ecological deficit) tends to increase (decrease) in the dry season of the Yangtze River Basin, while these trends in ecological surplus/deficit are opposite in the wet season; 2) the degree of hydrological alterations in the trunk stream of the Yangtze River Basin is the highest (D0 reaches 50% or more), the river hydrological ecosystem is under high risk (the total DHRAM (Dundee hydrological regime alteration method) score is more than 10 points), and the biodiversity shows a significant downward trend; 3) climate change and human activities have opposite impacts on ecological instream flow of the Yangtze River Basin, that is, climate change/human activities increases/decrease ecological surplus. Overall, climate change is the leading factor affecting ecological surplus (the relative contribution is more than 50%).
河流流量和流态变化是河流生态系统中许多基本生态过程中的主要驱动因素,并可能进一步影响河道生态系统功能和生物多样性。因此,在进行水资源开发利用时,有必要对河流水文改变程度及生物多样性进行评估[7]。以往的研究多使用IHA(indicators of hydrologic alteration)水文指标法在小流域的个别站点进行评价。本课题组[8]已使用IHA法对东江流域龙川、岭下、河源、博罗4个站点的水文改变程度和生物多样性进行了评估,发现东江流域河流流态的变化对河流生态系统产生了中高风险影响,生物多样性也呈下降趋势。鞠琴等[9]基于IHA法对渭河流域水文情势变化进行了综合评估,得出渭河流域整体水文改变程度较小的结论。
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