Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon spheres (NHCS) are prepared via a self-polymerization and pyrolysis using SiO2 as a template and dopamine hydrochloride as precursor. The as-prepared NHCS was used for H2O2 electrosynthesis by a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The results showed that the H2O2 electrosynthesis performance of NHCS increased first and then decreased with the decrease in nitrogen content. The NHCS with high content of pyrrolic-N and graphitic-N exhibited superior H2O2 electrosynthesis performance. When tested via a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE), the H2O2 selectivity of NHCS reached 90%. Moreover, the accumulated H2O2 concentration could arrive at 1 050 mg/L within 6 h test in an H-type cell with a high Faraday efficiency of 90%. The enhanced performance was attributed to the hierarchical porous structure and the nitrogen doping, which accelerated rapid H2O2 release from the electrode to the bulk electrolyte and improved the electrocatalytic activity and H2O2 selectivity of NHCS.
YANGS, VERDAGUER-CASADEVALLA, ARNARSONL, et al. Toward the decentralized electrochemical production of H2O2: A focus on the catalysis[J]. ACS Catalysis, 2018, 8(5): 4064-4081. DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00217 .
[2]
ZHANGJ Y, ZHANGH C, CHENGM J, et al. Tailoring the electrochemical production of H2O2: Strategies for the rational design of high-performance electrocatalysts[J]. Small, 2020, 16(15): 1902845. DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902845 .
[3]
WENY C, ZHANGT, WANGJ Y, et al. Electrochemical reactors for continuous decentralized H2O2 production[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2022, 61(35): e202205972. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205972 .
[4]
PERRYS C, PANGOTRAD, VIEIRAL, et al. Electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from water and oxygen[J]. Nature Reviews Chemistry, 2019, 3(7): 442-458. DOI: 10.1038/s41570-019-0110-6 .
[5]
HUY Z, ZHANGJ J, SHENT, et al. Efficient electrochemical production of H2O2 on hollow N-doped carbon nanospheres with abundant micropores[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13, 29551-29557. DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05353 .
[6]
JUNGE, SHINH, HOOCHA W, et al. Recent advances in electrochemical oxygen reduction to H2O2: Catalyst and cell design[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2020, 5(6): 1881-1892. DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00812 .
[7]
CAMPOS-MARTINJ M, BLANCO-BRIEVAG, FIERROJ L G. Hydrogen peroxide synthesis: An outlook beyond the anthraquinone process[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2006, 45(42): 6962-6984. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503779 .
[8]
FREAKLEYS J, HEQ, HARRHYJ H, et al. Palladium-tin catalysts for the direct synthesis of H₂O₂ with high selectivity[J]. Science, 2016, 351(6276): 965-968. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad5705 .
[9]
BERLE. A new cathodic process for the production of H2O2 [J]. Transactions of the Electrochemical Society, 1939, 76(1): 359. DOI: 10.1149/1.3500291 .
[10]
VERDAGUER-CASADEVALLA, DEIANAD, KARAMADM, et al. Trends in the electrochemical synthesis of H2O2: Enhancing activity and selectivity by electrocatalytic site engineering[J]. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(3): 1603-1608. DOI: 10.1021/nl500037x .
[11]
SIAHROSTAMIS, VERDAGUER-CASADEVALLA, KARAMADM, et al. Enabling direct H2O2 production through rational electrocatalyst design[J]. Nature Materials, 2013, 12(12): 1137-1143. DOI: 10.1038/nmat3795 .
LIZ R, SHENT, HUY Z, et al. Progress on ordered intermetallic electrocatalysts for fuel cells application[J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2021, 37(9): 2010029-2010050. DOI: 10.3866/PKU.WHXB202010029(Ch ).
[14]
CHENM X, ZHUM Z, ZUOM, et al. Identification of catalytic sites for oxygen reduction in metal/nitrogen-doped carbons with encapsulated metal nanoparticles[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2020, 59(4): 1627-1633. DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912275 .
[15]
ZHAOC X, LIB Q, LIUJ N, et al. Intrinsic electrocatalytic activity regulation of M-N-C single-atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2021, 60(9): 4448-4463. DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003917 .
[16]
WANGZ H, JINH H, MENGT, et al. Fe, Cu-coordinated ZIF-derived carbon framework for efficient oxygen reduction reaction and zinc-air batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(39): 1802596. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201802596 .
[17]
GAOJ J, ZHANGT, LIUB, et al. Enabling direct H2O2 production in acidic media through rational design of transition metal single atom catalyst[J]. Chem, 2020, 6(3): 658-674. DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.12.008 .
[18]
ZHANGJ J, LIUW, WANGD L, et al. Highly dispersed Co atoms anchored in porous nitrogen-doped carbon for acidic H2O2 electrosynthesis[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 438: 135619. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2022.135619 .
[19]
HUANGX, ZHANGW, LIUW, et al. Nb2CT x MXenes functionalized Co-NC enhancing electrochemical H2O2 production for organics degradation[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2022, 317: 121737. DOI: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2022.121737 .
HEF, ZHANGJ J, WANGD L, et al. Recent progress on carbon-based catalysts for electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 via oxygen reduction reaction[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(6): 1963-1976. DOI: 10.19799/j.cnki.2095-4239.2021.0122(Ch ).
FELLINGERT P, HASCHÉF, STRASSERP, et al. Mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon for the electrocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(9): 4072-4075. DOI: 10.1021/ja300038p .
[25]
LUZ Y, CHENG X, SIAHROSTAMIS, CUIY, et al. High-efficiency oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide catalysed by oxidized carbon materials[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2018, 1(2): 156-162. DOI: 10.1038/s41929-017-0017-x .
WANGY H, DENGD M. Removal of rhodamine B by persulfate activated with N-doped biochar[J]. Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 68(2): 137-145. DOI: 10.14188/j.1671-8836.2021.0095(Ch ).
[28]
IGLESIASD, GIULIANIA, FORNASIEROP, et al. N-doped graphitized carbon nanohorns as a forefront electrocatalyst in highly selective O2 reduction to H2O2 [J]. Chem, 2018, 4(1): 106-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.10.013 .
CHENM, CHUM, LIC, et al. Preparation and supercapacitive performance of mesoporous carbon materials derived from Co-MOF-74[J]. Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 66(1): 55-60. DOI: 10.14188/j.1671-8836.2019.0150(Ch ).