Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing,Ministry of Education,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China
The blockchain is immutable and can permanently store data on the chain, but it also prevents harmful data from being deleted and incorrect data from being updated. Existing redactable blockchain schemes endow the blockchain with the function of data editing. However, the existing research has the problem of centralizing of editing power, which violates the idea of blockchain decentralization. At the same time, the existing schemes have an accountability problem when verifying the edited block. To this end, a decentralized and accountable redactable blockchain scheme is proposed. In this scheme, a decentralized chameleon Hash function is designed to generate chameleon Hash trapdoors through multiple user nodes to manage trapdoors in a decentralized manner. A random selection stage and a review and accountability stage for editing nodes are added to achieve controllable supervision of editing rights. A security analysis of this scheme is conducted, and the analysis results show that the scheme is both editable and feasible. The algorithm running time of each stage is used as the evaluation index, and the comparison experiment is conducted with the existing redactable blockchain scheme, the experimental results show that the scheme has better running efficiency.
首先,对于现有的无许可区块链,如比特币和以太坊区块链系统,交易数据在存储到区块链之前没有经过审计和过滤,一些恶意用户就会在链上存储有害或者敏感的非法信息,包括被盗取的私钥以及不当链接和视频等等;而链中的非法信息由于不可修改,会导致个人隐私数据的泄漏,甚至会对产业组织的数据安全造成威胁,降低相关组织和用户使用区块链的意愿,在一定程度上制约区块链的发展。其次,欧盟出台的通用数据保护条例(General Data Protection Regulation,GDPR)中指出用户享有数据的遗忘权(right to be forgotten),即用户在符合条件的情况下,有权利编辑和删除他们自己的数据[2],这一要求与区块链的不可修改特性相互冲突。最后,出于对区块链数据监管和数据更新方面的考虑。在现实场景中区块链用户不可避免地会产生错误或事故,导致错误的信息数据被永久存储到区块链上,随着时间的推移,这些无法更新的链上陈旧数据和错误信息会增加企业的维护成本,不利于区块链系统的长期使用和发展。
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