In order to investigate the characteristics of phytoplankton community structure and water environment quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir, a quarterly survey was conducted at 56 sampling sites in the main tributaries of the reservoir from 2021 to 2022. A total of 78 species of phytoplankton belonging to 66 genera in 8 phyla were identified. The community exhibited a Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Cyanophyta composition with 12 dominant species in 2021 and 6 in 2022. Phytoplankton cell density showed spatial and temporal heterogeneity: in 2021, the order of cell density from the highest to the lowest was autumn, spring, summer, and winter; in 2022, the order was summer, spring, autumn, and winter; and the spatial variation showed a trend by descending from tributary to main stream. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that phytoplankton biomass was positively correlated with WT, TN and SPC (P<0.001), NH4+-N, NO3--N and DO (P<0.01), and CODMn and pH (P<0.05). The Variance Partitioning Analysis (VPA) demonstrated that the phytoplankton community structure was significantly affected by nutrient salts in 2021, while the physicochemical properties were significantly affected in 2022. The results of individual physical and chemical parameter evaluation, comprehensive nutrient status index evaluation and phytoplankton α diversity index evaluation showed that the water body of the Three Gorges Reservoir was in a medium to light eutrophic state and was a moderately polluted water body during 2021—2022.
三峡水库(the Three Gorges Reservoir)是当今世界上规模最大的水利枢纽工程,对水资源调节、能源供应、航运以及文化旅游都有重要作用[1]。此外,三峡水库还具有重要的生态环境保护功能。三峡水库自蓄水以来,原有的河流水文特征和水域生态系统的结构功能发生改变,建坝成库后流速减缓,其生态功能发生显著变化,水库生境为藻类的生长繁殖提供了有利条件[2,3]。浮游植物具有种类多、个体小、生命周期短、生长快以及对水体理化环境变化敏感等特点[4],是水库生态系统中水生食物链的基础,也是水环境中物质循环、能量流动和信息传递的重要生态载体[5~7]。浮游植物群落组成及物种多样性直接影响水库生态系统的功能[8,9]。研究表明,浮游植物群落结构改变可作为水库环境时空动态变化的有效生态信号[10]。受水体流速、径流量等水文特征及氮、磷营养盐等水环境因子的时空变化影响,浮游植物的细胞密度、生物量及优势种组成在水库不同水文分区存在差异[11]。因此,浮游植物群落结构是认识水库生态系统结构功能的重要窗口,开展浮游植物群落监测有助于获取水库生态环境信息,为水库的生态环境管理提供支撑。
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