Based on the low-cost viscose fiber precursors produced in industrial production, a P, O co-doped viscose-based activated carbon fiber was prepared using ultrasonic-assisted phosphoric acid activation technology, which achieving synchronous construction of nanopores and surface chemical structure during the activation process. The specific surface area and total pore volume of activated carbon fibers treated by 15% phosphoric acid reached 1 184.51 m2/g and 0.60 cm3/g, respectively. The surface oxygen and phosphorus atom relative percentages reached 15.25% and 0.99%, respectively. The research results indicate that its coupling effect of rich nanopore structure and oxygen/phosphorus surface groups enable the physical/chemical synergistic adsorption of hydrogen gas. This material achieves a mass hydrogen storage density of 2.19% under ambient conditions of 77 K and 100 kPa. Hydrogen adsorption of this activated carbon fiber belongs to a typical Type Ⅰ adsorption, and the fitting analysis results prove that the Langmuir (N=3) model, which divides the nanopore interface into three categories of non-polar, weakly polar and strongly polar, has the best fitting effect on the hydrogen adsorption process under atmospheric pressure conditions.
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