The realization of the value of rural ecological products serves as a crucial path to promote rural revitalization and common prosperity. An evolutionary game model is established to study the behavioral strategies of enterprises, residents and local governments in the realization of the value of rural ecological products in southwestern China. The Matlab simulation analysis is applied to investigate the impact of changes in various variables on the evolutionary game outcomes. The results reveal that the behavioral strategies of enterprises, residents and local governments are mutually influential: The higher the expected returns of enterprises, the faster the evolutionary speed of enterprises choosing cooperative strategies. The more rewards residents receive for active participation, the faster the evolutionary speed of residents selecting active participation strategies. The government’s reward and punishment mechanism has a significant impact on the strategic choices of enterprises and residents, with a reasonable degree of reward and punishment accelerating the evolutionary speed of their strategic choices. Notably, the punitive mechanism has a greater promotional effect on enterprises than the reward mechanism. The stable strategies for the realization of the value of rural ecological products in Southwest China are characterized by enterprises’ emphasis on residents’ interest demands, active participation from residents, and lenient supervision from local governments.
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