Exploring the relationship between regional land use change and carbon storage can provide robust policy support for optimizing land spatial structure and maintaining regional carbon balance. The InVEST model was used to analyze the relationship between land use changes and ecosystem carbon storage in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River region for the periods of 1995―2020. The results show that: 1) From 1995 to 2020, the study area experienced a significant reduction in forest and grassland areas, while the areas of water bodies and construction land increased. 2) From 1995 to 2020, the carbon storage in the study area exhibited a spatial distribution characterized by higher in the center, lower around the edges, and higher in the west than in the east. Overall, it showed a declining trend, with a cumulative loss of 30.72×105 t. The reduction in forest and grassland areas was the main reason for the decrease in carbon storage. The PLUS model and the InVEST model were used to predict the land use changes and the spatial distribution of carbon storage in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River region for the period of 2020―2030 under three different scenarios, respectively. The results show that: By 2030, under the scenarios of natural growth, ecological protection, and farmland conservation, the carbon storage will decrease by 12.90×105 t, 3.60×105 t, and 7.23×105 t respectively compared to 2020. Ecological protection scenarios can effectively mitigate carbon losses and provide an important reference for regional ecological environment management.
气候变化使人类生存和可持续发展面临着重大挑战,受到了全世界众多学者的高度关注[1]。根据IPCC(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)第六次评估报告[2]显示,近年来人类活动对气候变化的影响明显增强,导致极端天气频发和生态环境恶化等问题愈发严重[3]。为积极应对全球气候变化,我国政府提出“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,旨在积极参与全球气候治理,推动构建人类命运共同体。陆地生态系统在全球碳循环扮演着重要角色,在维持全球碳平衡和调节气候等方面具有不可替代的作用[4-5]。土地利用/覆盖变化是导致陆地生态系统变化的重要原因,它通过改变生态系统的结构、特性和物质循环,从而影响碳储量的变动[6-7]。因此,量化分析土地利用/覆盖变化与碳储量之间的关系,对于优化国土空间规划和维持区域碳平衡至关重要。
近年来,国内外学者从不同尺度和不同视角探讨了区域土地利用变化对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响。全球尺度上,Scalenghe等[8]研究分析了意大利北部河谷地区150年土地利用变化与碳储量之间关系,证实了人口稠密的地区碳储量的变化大;Shibabaw等[9]研究指出热带地区的森林砍伐对埃塞俄比亚地区的土壤有机碳具有潜在影响;Sha等[10]研究发现通过优化土地管理的措施可以促进全球陆地植被每年额外吸收13.74 Pg C(1 Pg C=1015 g C)。区域尺度上,Yang等[11]、Zhao等[12]和任胤铭等[13]学者分别研究了黄土高原、青藏高原、京津冀城市群等区域不同因素对生态系统碳储量的影响及土地利用变化对碳储量的时空分布特征。此外,流域尺度上,马勇洁等[14]耦合InVEST-FLUS、罗丹等[15]耦合InVEST-FLUS-Markov、吴则禹等[16]耦合InVEST-PLUS模型分别对不同情景下青海湖流域、南北盘江流域和东江源流域土地利用格局与生态系统碳储量关系进行了研究。行政区划尺度上,学者们耦合InVEST-PLUS模型分别从省域[17]、市域[18]和县域[19]等视角探讨碳储量空间变化趋势,并预测未来多种情景下的碳储量时空分布情况。综上所述,耦合InVEST-PLUS模型已被很多学者应用于全球范围内的陆地生态系统碳储量的评估。然而,目前的研究多集中在黄土高原区域、青藏高原区域、典型城市群和河流湖泊以及具体行政单元,对地理特征独特的干热河谷地区的研究则相对较少。金沙江干热河谷地处亚热带的高山峡谷中,以其独特的气候特征和丰富的光热资源而闻名[20]。该区域特殊且复杂的地理环境及气候条件,造成了植被生长的显著空间差异。这些差异不仅影响了植被的光合作用效率和生物量积累,而且进一步影响了碳的固定与存储能力。此外,极端气候条件加剧了土壤有机质的分解速率,减少了区域中土壤有机碳的储存。因此,对金沙江干热河谷的碳储量进行研究,不仅有助于深入理解复杂区域碳循环的特征,而且对推进生态保护措施和实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标具有重要意义。
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