The supply and demand spatial relationships of cultural ecosystem services (CES) in mountainous high-density urban ecosystems are intricate. In the new phase of high-quality development in urban living environments, conducting a quantitative study on the spatial relationships of CES in cities from a supply-demand perspective contributes to the transformation of the value of urban ecosystems and enhances overall social well-being. Taking the mountainous city of Chongqing as the study area, a quantitative study of the spatial distribution and characteristics of CES supply and demand, the balance between supply and demand, and the spatial relationship has been carried out based on multi-source data using ArcGIS analysis techniques, computer vision recognition and spatial correlation analysis. The results show that: 1) The CES supply of Chongqing presents a spatial pattern of “large aggregation and small dispersion”, and has a clustering feature of “center periphery”. The natural conditions of the mountainous background have a significant impact on it with high-high value aggregation zones mainly located in and around the built-up areas in a continuous manner, while low-low value aggregation zones are mainly dispersed in the peripheral zones, which is significantly influenced by the natural background conditions of the mountainous terrain; 2) The spatial distribution of CES demand is extremely uneven, with a clear centripetal distribution characteristic of high-value demand areas, but with differences in the spatial distribution of different types of CES demand; 3) There is a weak spatial structural similarity between CES supply and demand, and the balance of supply and demand shows significant spatial heterogeneity, with a prominent mismatch between supply and demand, with the core area of the “Two Rivers and Four Banks” under great pressure of supply, while the peripheral areas have a high CES supply, but low actual demand. The results of the study can provide theoretical support for the regulation and optimisation of CES in mountainous cities.
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