Due to the impacts of climate change and human activities, the runoff of major rivers in China has undergone significant changes. Study on adaptive regulation strategies for reservoir groups in response to these variations in runoff is of great importance. A multi-objective joint scheduling model for the Xiluodu cascade and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs system was developed to facilitate adaptive regulation simulations. Additionally, a set of combined schemes was designed based on optimization of scheduling modes, utilization of flood resources, and adjustment of water-use behaviors. Through simulation analysis, the regulation mechanisms were examined, and the adaptive regulation effects of different schemes were assessed. The results indicate that: 1) due to reduced runoff, the total power generation of the Xiluodu cascade and Three Gorges cascade reservoirs under conventional scheduling decreased by 3.578 billion kW·h. By adopting joint scheduling of the reservoir groups, the cascade hydropower stations were able to increase generation by 625 million kW·h. 2) When the restricted water level during flood period of the Three Gorges Reservoir was raised to 153 m, the negative impacts of decreased river runoff on the overall benefits of the cascade reservoir groups were effectively mitigated. 3) Additionally, raising the restricted water level during flood period of the Three Gorges Reservoir to 150 m, along with upstream water conservation of 20%, allowed the total power generation of the cascade reservoirs to exceed that of the conventional scheduling during the baseline period. Utilizing non-engineering measures to increase the utilization of flood resources, adjusting upstream water-use behaviors, and optimizing the scheduling operation of the hydropower system are effective regulatory measures to mitigate the impacts of river runoff changes on the hydropower system.
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