Against the background of rural revitalization and healthy China policy, the research on the subjective perception of rural environment and residents’ self-rated health is increasing. Existing studies mostly focus on single indicators, and lack discussion on the joint effect of group indicators. Using 8 typical new rural communities in Chengdu and Shanghai as case studies, this study conducted a questionnaire survey on individual villagers and obtained 493 pieces of valid sample data. Factor analysis method and stepwise regression model were used to explore the common factors affecting residents’ subjective environmental perception in new rural communities and their mechanism. The results showed that the comprehensive common factor of satisfaction with physical and environmental facilities and health management (F1), the comprehensive common factor of satisfaction with traffic conditions and interpersonal activities (F2), and the comprehensive common factor of satisfaction with social life environment (F3) all significantly positively affected the self-rated health of residents, and F1 had the greatest influence. Based on the three comprehensive common factors, the promotion strategy of planning and design of new rural communities for health was proposed, which could provide reference for relevant policy making and resource allocation of new rural communities.
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